Structure and Functions in Living Organisms

Question 1

4 factors that increase the rate of diffusion

Answer 1

1) higher temp
2) higher concentration gradient
3) short diffusion distance
4) Larger surface area: volume ratio

Question 2

what is in the blood

Answer 2

plasma
red blood cells
platelets
phagocytes (white blood cells)
lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Question 3

structure/function of plasma

Answer 3

straw-coloured liquid
transports blood cells and other substances such as dissolved nutrients - glucose + amino acids
+ dissolved waste products including urea, CO2, hormones, proteins, heat energy

Question 4

structure/function of red blood cells

Answer 4

small red cells
haemoglobin combines with O2 forming oxyhaemoglobin to transport O2 to respiring cells
no nucleus more room for haemoglobin so more O2 can be transported
biconcave discs to increase surface area: volume ratio

Question 5

structure/function of platelets

Answer 5

cell fragments
releases chemicals when blood exposed to air forming a blood clot

Question 6

structure/function of phagocytes

Answer 6

larger cells with multi-lobed nucleus
engulf and digest pathogens

Question 7

structure/function of lymphocytes

Answer 7

cells with very large nucleus
make and release antibodies

Question 8

structure of the heart diagram

Answer 8

^^^

Question 9

risk factors that make you more likely to get coronary heart disease

Answer 9

1) diet
2) smoking
3) high blood pressure
4) obesity
5) lack of exercise

Question 10

structure to function of arteries

Answer 10

thicker outer wall - transports blood at high-pressure

thick layer of elastic tissue - allow artery to stretch and recoil - blood flow at high pressure

thick layer of muscular tissue - helps control flow of blood

Question 11

structure to function of veins

Answer 11

fairly thin outer wall - blood flows at low-pressure

thin layer muscle/elastic tissue - wall contract to keep blood flowing

semilunar valves - prevent blood flowing backwards

Question 12

structure to function of capillaries

Answer 12

wall once cell wall thick - short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues

Question 13

structure of the circulation system diagram

Answer 13

^^^

Question 14

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 14

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
produces lots of ATP as glucose completely oxidised

Question 15

anaerobic respiration equation
(for plants and fungi)

Answer 15

glucose –> ethanol + CO2

Question 16

anaerobic respiration equation
(for animals)

Answer 16

glucose –> lactic acid

Question 17

evolution of carbon dioxide practical

Answer 17

^^^

Question 18

source and function of carbohydrates

Answer 18

bread. used fuel for respiration

Question 19

source and function of proteins

Answer 19

meat and eggs. growth and repair, fuel for respiration contained CHON

Question 20

source and function of lipids.

Answer 20

butter and cooking oils. store insulation energy, fuel for respiration contained CHO