Ecology and Environment Flashcards
what are producers?
organisms that make their food
what are consumers?
organisms that eat living things
non-living factors called…
abiotic factors
living factors called…
biotic factors
define habitat
places where specific organisms live
population
total number of individuals of one species in a particular habitat at a particular time
community
the population of all species present in an ecosystem at a particular time
what do arrows in the food chain show
the direction that energy and biomass move from the species eaten, to the animal that receives it
stages in a food chain
trophic levels
what do decomposers do
recycle nutrients
what are pyramids of biomass?
show the total mass of organisms in each trophic level (mass of individual x no. of individual
what are pyramids of energy?
show total energy available at each trophic level per square meter per year
patterns of trophic levels in pyramids of energy is…
decrease in energy between each trophic level
why is only 10% of energy passed from one trophic level to the next (3 marks)
1) Some parts of organisms are not eaten
2) Some parts are not digested and absorbed so egested as faeces
3) Some materials are respired to release energy for muscle contraction, maintaining constant body temperature and cell division
Explain how increasing temperature can result in an increase in crop yield
As temperature increases so does rate of ______________
This means there is an _______ ___________ for _______
As temperature increases so does rate of photosynthesis
This means there is an optimum temperature for enzymes
Explain why a heater burning gas/oil used to raise temperature of a glasshouse to increase crop yield
It releases ___
As ___ is a ________ needed to ______________ as ___ is a ________ factor in glasshouse
It releases CO2
As CO2 is a reactant needed to photosynthesis as CO2 is a limiting factor in glasshouse
Explain one material that should be added to chemical fertilisers
Should add ________ for _____ _____ and ________
Should add nitrates for amino acids and proteins
Discuss why some farmers limit the amount of chemical fertilisers they add to their crops
Increased ____ _____________ reduces water _________ of ____
Preventing __________ by o______, so the plant would ____
Fertilisers can also ____ into local ______ and _____ causing ______________ leading to loss of a______ ____ and _____ _____
Increased soil concentration reduces water potential of soil
Preventing absorption by osmosis, so the plant would wilt
Fertilisers can also wash into local rivers and lakes causing eutrophication leading to loss of aquatic life and algal bloom
