Ecology and Environment

Question 1

what are producers?

Answer 1

organisms that make their food

Question 2

what are consumers?

Answer 2

organisms that eat living things

Question 3

non-living factors called…

Answer 3

abiotic factors

Question 4

living factors called…

Answer 4

biotic factors

Question 5

define habitat

Answer 5

places where specific organisms live

Question 6

population

Answer 6

total number of individuals of one species in a particular habitat at a particular time

Question 7

community

Answer 7

the population of all species present in an ecosystem at a particular time

Question 8

what do arrows in the food chain show

Answer 8

the direction that energy and biomass move from the species eaten, to the animal that receives it

Question 9

stages in a food chain

Answer 9

trophic levels

Question 10

what do decomposers do

Answer 10

recycle nutrients

Question 11

what are pyramids of biomass?

Answer 11

show the total mass of organisms in each trophic level (mass of individual x no. of individual

Question 12

what are pyramids of energy?

Answer 12

show total energy available at each trophic level per square meter per year

Question 13

patterns of trophic levels in pyramids of energy is…

Answer 13

decrease in energy between each trophic level

Question 14

why is only 10% of energy passed from one trophic level to the next (3 marks)

Answer 14

1) Some parts of organisms are not eaten
2) Some parts are not digested and absorbed so egested as faeces
3) Some materials are respired to release energy for muscle contraction, maintaining constant body temperature and cell division

Question 15

Explain how increasing temperature can result in an increase in crop yield

As temperature increases so does rate of ______________
This means there is an _______ ___________ for _______

Answer 15

As temperature increases so does rate of photosynthesis
This means there is an optimum temperature for enzymes

Question 16

Explain why a heater burning gas/oil used to raise temperature of a glasshouse to increase crop yield

It releases ___
As ___ is a ________ needed to ______________ as ___ is a ________ factor in glasshouse

Answer 16

It releases CO2
As CO2 is a reactant needed to photosynthesis as CO2 is a limiting factor in glasshouse

Question 17

Explain one material that should be added to chemical fertilisers

Should add ________ for _____ _____ and ________

Answer 17

Should add nitrates for amino acids and proteins

Question 18

Discuss why some farmers limit the amount of chemical fertilisers they add to their crops

Increased ____ _____________ reduces water _________ of ____
Preventing __________ by o______, so the plant would ____
Fertilisers can also ____ into local ______ and _____ causing ______________ leading to loss of a______ ____ and _____ _____

Answer 18

Increased soil concentration reduces water potential of soil
Preventing absorption by osmosis, so the plant would wilt
Fertilisers can also wash into local rivers and lakes causing eutrophication leading to loss of aquatic life and algal bloom