Structure and function of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is a joint
A connection between two or more bones that allows movement
What is a long bone
A bone that allows gross movement e.g femur
What is a short bone
A bone that enables fine controlled movements e.g carpals, tarpans
What is a flat bone
A bone that provides protection e.g ribs, scapula, cranium
Name the 6 functions of the bonds
Strength, protection, movement, support, mineral storage, blood cell production
What do tendons do
Connect muscle to bone
What is the most common type of joint
Synovial joint
Name the parts of a synovial joint
Synovial fluid, joint capsule, cartilage, ligament, synovial membrane
What does synovial fluid do
Reduces friction between cartilage
What does the joint capsule do
Seals the joint and provides stability
What does cartilage do
Acts as a shock absorber
What does a ligament do
Connects bone to bone
What is a hinge joint
A joint that allows movement in one direction e.g elbow, knee
What movement does hinge joint allow
Flexion and extension
What is a ball and socket joint
A joint that allows movement in all directions e.f hip and shoulder
What movements do ball and socket joints allow
Abduction, adduction, rotation
What movement is circumduction
Movement in a circular motion
What movement is dorsi flexion
Pulling the toes up away from the ground e.g ankle
What is plantar flexion
Pointing the toes towards the ground e.g ankle
What is an agonist muscle
A muscle that contracts and therefore shortens, pulling the bone
What is an antagonist muscle
The antagonist muscle relaxes during the movement and therefore lengthens allowing the agonist to move
What is an isometric contraction
A contraction that does not movement in the muscle and the muscles does not change length
What is a concentric contraction
When the muscle shortens
What is an eccentric contraction
When the muscle lengthens
