Structure and Function of the Heart

Question 1

Atrioventricular Valve

Answer 1

Name of valve between atrium and ventricle and stops back flow of blood from Ventricles to Atriums (be specific to which side in exam)

Question 2

Semilunar valve

Answer 2

Valve that stops back flow of blood from arteries (Aorta and pulmonary Artety) into ventricles (Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle)

Question 3

Cardiac Output

Answer 3

The blood pushed through each ventricle in a minute CO=HRxSV

Question 4

Stroke Volume

Answer 4

volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contraction.

Stronger the contraction the greater the stroke volume

Question 5

RV and Lv volume of blood pumped

Answer 5

The left and right ventricles pump the same volume of blood through the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Question 6

Atrial Systole

Answer 6

Atria contract, Blood pushed through to ventricles, AV Valves Open (SL valves closed)

Question 7

Ventricular Systole

Answer 7

Ventricles contract, Blood pushed out of arteries, AV valves closed, SL valves open

Question 8

Diastole

Answer 8

Heart relaxes and fills with blood from the veins. SL valves closed, AV Valves open.

Question 9

How are SL valves closed in diastole

Answer 9

the higher pressure in the arteries closes the SL Valves

Question 10

Stethoscope

Answer 10

The opening and closing of SL and AV valves are responsible for the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope

Question 11

Sino-atrial node (SAN/SA)

Answer 11

Contains autorthymic cells that send waves of electrical signals across atria. Located in wall of right atrium and also known as pacemaker. Sets the rate at which the heart contracts.

Question 12

Atrioventricular Node (AVN)

Answer 12

Receives signals from atria and sends signals down fibres in the walls of ventricles. Located in centre of heart (A=centre of attention)

Question 13

Fibre in Ventricular Walls

Answer 13

Receive signals from AV Node, cause ventricles to contract. Located in central walls of heart.

Question 14

Noradrenaline

Answer 14

Released when sympathetic nerve activated , causes increase heart rate when released in SA node.

Question 15

Acetylcholine

Answer 15

Released when parasympathetic nerve activated, cause decrease heart rate when released in SA node.

Question 16

electrocardiogram

Answer 16

Impulses in the heart generate currents that can be measured by a electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 17

Hypertension

Answer 17

Hypertension is High blood pressure is major risk factor for diseases like stroke and coronary heart disease.

Question 18

Typical blood reading for a young adult with a symgmanoneter

Answer 18

120/80mmHg

Question 19

SPHYGMOMANOMETER

Answer 19

An inflatable cuff stops blood flow in the artery and deflates gradually. The blood starts to flow (detected by a pulse) at systolic pressure. The blood flows freely through the artery (and a pulse is not detected) at diastolic pressure.

Question 20

Blood Pressure

Answer 20

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels, caused by the contraction of the ventricles
The BP increases during ventricular systole and decreases during diastole.