Respiration Flashcards
Glycolysis basic
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
Energy Investment stage Glycolysis
ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis.
Energy Payoff Stage
This leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of ATP.
Citric Acid Cycle occurs in
The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Acetyl
acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A.
Oxaloacetate
In the citric acid cycle the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
“The circle of Evil” (Don’t say that in the Exam)
During a series of enzyme-controlled steps, citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide.
Stages of Respiration that Dehydrogenase enzymes are involved in
Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle
Dehydrogenase enzymes
Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH.
After Dehydrogenase enzymes where are the “stuff” passed on to
The hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Basic
The electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
ATP Synthesis basic
ATP synthesis — electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing energy.
ATP synthesis more in depth
ATP synthesis — electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing energy.
This energy allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in the production of ATP.
Electron Transport Chain Finale
Finally, hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form water.
The role of ATP in the transfer of energy.
ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy.
