structure and function of the blood Flashcards
what are red blood cells also known as
erthrocytes
characteristics of red blood cells
biconcave dics
have no nucleus
have no DNA, RNA, or mitochondria
however they are metabolically active - use glycolysis
charecterics of leukocytes
white blood cells
what are the two most common types of leukocytes
neutrophiles
lymphocytes
what family of cells are neutrophils
polymorphonucleur (have an irregular multi lobed nucleus)
they are also granulocyte - have prominent cytoplasmic granules
what do neutrophils stain as
neutral
what do eosinphils stain as
granules stain red with eosin
what do basophils stain as
stain blue with basic dyes
what are two types of mononuclear cells
monocytes (largest have kidney shaped nuclei)
lymphocytes (has little cytoplasm)
platelets =
thrombocytes
what are characteristics of platelets
no nucleus
cytoplasmic fragments
contains granules
membrane bound
what does bone marrow contain
immature cells
what does plasma fluid contain
water salts proteins organic molecules ions - Na+ (main), Ca+, K+, Mg+ and H+. Cl- bicarbonates and phosphates.
what is serum
the fluid left after clotting
what is most Co2 carried as in the plasma
bicarbonate
what enzyme helps Co2 to dissolve
carbonic anhydrase
what are the 4 polypeptide chains of haemoglobin
2 alpha globin chains and 2 beta globin chains
what does each globin chain have
a heam molecule
what does a heam group hold
a ferrous ion
with what bond does oxygen bind to this iron
co- coordination bond
what do plasma proteins carry
substances that are poorly solute in water e.g. lipids and metal ions such as Cu+, Ca+ and Fe+
what does albumin carry
its a general purpose carrier
what are eosinophils involved in
kill parasites
involved in allergic responses
what are basophils involved in
kill parasites
involved in allergic response
involved in inflammation
where are immunoglobulins made in
B lymphocytes
what is the total blood volume in a male
5Kg
what does haematocrit (Ht)
packed cell volume
what does the liver function test give
albumin concentration
