heart and central vasculature Flashcards
what are the three main compartments of the thoracic cavity
two on each side for the lungs
and one in the middle for the lungs
what is the front of the heart also known as
sterno-costal surface
what is the back surface of the heart also knowns as
diaphragmatic surface
position of the heart
- heart occupies around 2/3 of the inferior mediastinum
- arch of aorta rises above the sternal angle (manubrio-sternal joint) in the superior mediastinum
- top of aortic arch rises up
- base of heart sits on the diagphram
what is the pericardium
the thin fibrosis-serous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessel
what are the two components of pericardium
fibrous pericardium - thick connective tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels
serous pericardium - (parietal layer lines the outer layer of the fibrous pericardium. visceral layer adheres the to heart and constitutes the outer covering of it.)
what is pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection - due to systemic illness or post myocardial infarction
pericardial effusion
accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac - causes cardiac temponade (compression of the heart)
constrictive pericarditis
thickening of the pericardial sac and that causes compression of the heart and subsequent heart failure.
where does the right coronary artery typically follow
a depression called the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)
other ramifications follow the right and left
inter ventricular sulci
what is blood drained from the heart by
great, middle and small cardiac veins.
what do the three veins merge into
the coronary sinus
what does the coronary sinus empty into
the right atrium
what side of the heart is the great cardiac vein in
the anterior of the heart
what side of the heart are the two atioventricular (cuspid) valves present in
Right
what side is the mitral or bicuspid valve seperating
left atrium and left ventricle
what side is the pulmonary valve on
the right
what side is the aortic valve
the left
where are the sounds of the pulmonary and aortic valves best heard
the second intercostal space on the right (pulmonary) and left (aortic)
how do you orientate the heart
the apex of the heart points down and towards the left.?
where is the apex located
the 5th intercostal space - typically felt at the mid-clavicular line
what are the rough ridges lining the inner of the right auricle known as
musculi pectanati
what are the parts separated by
crista terminalis
what is the interatrial septum
the wall between the right and left atrium
whats the depression that lies in the interatrial septum called
the fossa ovalis - site of the foetal shunt
what are the strong fibrous cords attached to the cusps of the tricuspid valves
chordae tendinae
what project from the ventricle walls
papillary muscles
what are the irregular bands and bundles of muscles called in the ventricles
trabeculae carnae
what are the branches of the arch of aorta
- brachiocephalic artery
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
what are the branches of the descending thoracic aorta
(paired)
- posterior intercostal arteries
- bronchiole
- oesophageal
- mediastinal
what are the branches of the descending abdominal aorta
(paired)
- renal
- gonadal
- lumbar
(unpaired)
- coeliac
- superior and inferior mesenteric.
what veins flow into the RA from the heart above
the right and left brachiocephalic veins form the superior vena cava
where does the inferior vena cava flow into the RA from
from below
what veins feed into the inferior vena cava
Renal, gonadal and lumbar
whats special about the portal vein
it does not open directly into the inferior vena cava - instead it does so via the liver.
what does the ANS do
controls rate of contraction and speed of conductivity = co
what is parasympathetic innervation of the heart by
the vagus nerve
what is the path of the vagal nerves
theres the right and left vagal nerves that travel down the trachea and split at the heart into the vagal cardiac branches = form superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
what nerve also carries pain (crushing pain associated with heart attacks)
sympathetic
what lays behind the sternum
the heart
whats murmers
when the valves don’t close properly causing leaking of the blood
what do leaky valves also cause the heart to do which requires surgery
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