structure and function of neutrons & synaptic transmission

Question 1

what are neutrons?

Answer 1

nerve cells that process and transmit electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

what are sensory neurons?

Answer 2

• carries messages from PNS to CNS

long dendrites and short axons

Question 3

what are relay neurons?

Answer 3

• connect sensory neurons to motor neurons or to other relay neurons
  (short dendrites and axons)

Question 4

what are motor neurons?

Answer 4

• connects CNS to effectors like muscles and glands

short dendrites and long axons

Question 5

what is electrical transmission?

Answer 5

• when neutron resting its negatively charged
• when active by a stimulus the charge inside the cell become positive for a second causing action potential
• create simples travelling down axon

Question 6

what is the structure of a neuron?

Answer 6

• cell body (nucleus) with dendrites carrying implies to next neuron
• axon carry implies down neuron (protect with myelin sheath to speed up transmission)
• sheath segmented by nodes of ranvier to create jump from impulse (speed up)
• at the end of the terminal button which communicate with next neuron across synapse

Question 7

what is chemical transmission and why is it needed?

Answer 7

• signals within neurons are electrical, signals between neurons are chemical
• when the electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron (presynaptic terminal) it triggers the release of a neurotransmitter into the synapse

Question 8

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 8

• diffuse across synapse to next neuron
• once they reach the postsynaptic receptor sites (dendrites) of the next neuron its converted back into electrical impulse

Question 9

what is the difference between excitation and inhibition in neurotransmitters?

Answer 9

• serotonin has inhibitory effect on receiving neuron causing negative charge (less likely to fire)
• adrenaline causes extort effect on neuron with positive charge (likely to fire)