Structure and Function of Microbial cells Flashcards
Agar is
A media where bacteria are grown in the lab
It has moisture and nutrients
Paramecium are ( Domain and Kingdom )
Eukaryotes
Protozoa
All cells have intercellular composition ____ the outside
Different from
Metabolic properties of all cells
Cells take up nutrients, transform them, and expel waste
- Genetic ( replication, transcription, translation)
- Catalytic ( energy,biosynthesis)
What property id this?
Nutrients from the environment are converted into new cell materials to from new cell
Growth, all cells
What is the third properties of all cells ( apart from growth and metabolism )
Evaluation
Cell evolve to display new properties. Phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships
All organisms evolve or they will die
Creation of the spore is an example of
Properties of some cells -> differentiation
Explain how cells interact with each other by chemical messengers
Bacteria is able to release atom reducer, as soon as concentration of this reducer is high enough , other bacteria sense it and start to act as if they are surrounded by a lot of bacteria-> formation of the biofilm
What is interesting about the property of exchanging the genetic material in bacteria
They can exchange the genetic material not only between mother-daughter cell, but also mother to mother cell
What property is this?
Some cells are capable of self-propulsion
Motility
How is the size of the cell usually described?
By surface to volume ratio
What is the problem of the surface to volume ratio for unicellular organisms and what is the result of it
It is a problem for unicellular organism, because they interact with the environment only through the surface, if they become to large , they cannot function efficiently any more, that is why there is a limit in diameter.
Limit: 0.5 micrometers- 750 micrometers in diameter
What is the typical size for animal cell and bacterial cell
Animal cell - 10000 nm
Bacterial cell- 1000 nm to 2000-3000 nm
What structures are shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Name all the main structures present in bacteria
Cell wall Cytoplasmic membrane Nucleoid Cytoplasm Plasmid Ribosomes
What is the difference between the genetic material storage in eukaryotes and prokaryotes ?
Eukaryotes - the genetic material is bound within the nucleus
In prokaryotes the genetic material is not bound in anything -< nucleoid
Name the basic parts of the cell
Cell wall Cytoplasmic membrane Mitochondrion Nuclear membrane Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Cytoplasm Golgi complex
Why the membrane is so important ?
It keeps the inside in and outside out
What are three properties of the membrane
- Permeability barrier ( prevents leakage and functions as a gateway for transport)
- Protein anchor
- Energy conservation ( proton motive force )
What is the major source how bacteria create energy?
Proton motive force
What is the ratio of proteins/lipids
50% or less
Types of the membrane proteins by function
Sensors
Adhesins
Transporters
Enzymes
How is the model of the membrane is called
Fluid mosaic
Mosaic - because the ratio between the lipids and the proteins
Fluid- because proteins can move
What is the major phospholipid found in bacteria
Phosphatidylethanoamine
Glycerol+ 2 FA+ phosphate +ethanolamine