Structure and Function of Bacterial Cell L1

Question 1

Microorganisms are either?

Answer 1

Normal flora In healthy human body without causing disease

Some species are harmful to human(pathogens) cause infection diseases

Question 2

Does Prokaryotes have plasmids or not?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Extrachromosomal, present as small circular self-replicating
DNA

Answer 3

Plasmids

Question 4

Transcription and translation can be carried out simultaneously where

Answer 4

In prokaryotes

Question 5

Formation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and movement
of mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Answer 5

Transcription in euk

Question 6

Translation takes place on ?

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

Does prokaryotes have chromosomes?

Answer 7

No
double-stranded (ds), circular, tightly coiled ‘nucleoid’

Question 8

Any bacterial cell is composed of the following structures

Answer 8

• Cell wall
• Cytoplasmic membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nuclear body

Question 9

is a rigid structure that surrounds the bacterial cell just outside of the plasma membrane

Answer 9

The cell wall

Question 10

The main structural component of the cell wall is?

Answer 10

peptidoglycan

Question 11

Bacteria are classified according to their cell wall as?

Answer 11

Gram positive or Gram negative

Question 12

Peptidoglycan is formed of ?

Answer 12

carbohydrate + protein

Question 13

It consists of long polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked by amino acid bridges

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

bacteria the peptidoglycan forms a thick layer external to the cell membrane in which gram?

Answer 14

In Gram-positive

Question 15

Cell wall of gram …… bacteria also contain Teichoic acid
molecules

Answer 15

positive

Question 16

In ……… bacteria, the peptidoglycan layer is thin and is overlaid by an outer membrane

Answer 16

Gram-negative

Question 17

The space between the plasma membrane and the outer
membranes is called the ?

Answer 17

periplasmic space

Question 18

The outer membrane of Gram Negative Cell Wall contains

Answer 18

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 19

LPS is?

Answer 19

is toxic (endotoxin)

Question 20

Gram stain is? Consists of?

Answer 20

Differential stain: consists of two or
more dyes.

Question 21

What is most commonly used in staining procedure

Answer 21

The gram stain

Question 22

It separates bacteria into two classifications according to the ?

Answer 22

composition of their cell walls

Question 23

Gram positive take ……
Gram negative take ……

Answer 23

blue or violet color
pink or red color

Question 24

Function of the cell wall

Answer 24

Determines the shape of the bacterial cell
Protection of bacterial cell against osmotic lysis
Responsible for staining properties of bacteria

Question 25

The cytoplasmic membrane is a ?

Answer 25

bilayer of phospholipids

Question 26

Functions of Cell Membrane

Answer 26

• Selective permeability selectively allows particular ions and molecules to pass through the membrane, while preventing the movement of others
• Active transport (using energy) of ions and molecules to the inside of cells
• Excretion

Question 27

Cell Membrane Excretion such as?

Answer 27

hydrolytic exoenzymes

Question 28

Define cytoplasm

Answer 28

A homogeneous soft gel mass inside the cell

Question 29

The cytoplasm of prokaryotes has no membrane bound organelles, it contains:

Answer 29

• Nuclear body
• Plasmids
• Ribosomes
• Enzymes
• Storage granules

Question 30

The Nuclear Body (Nucleoid) Consists of?

Answer 30

Consists of single circular DNA molecule coiled to form a mass

Question 31

What carries all essential genetic information of the cell in rrok?

Answer 31

The Nuclear Body (Nucleoid)