Structure And Formation Of Brain And Nervous System

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

• brain is involved in psychological or eases and maintenance of life
• spinal cord is involved in the transfer o messages to and from the brain to the PNS, also reflex actions

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Transmits messages to the whole body from the brain and vice versa

Question 3

Somatic system

Answer 3

• transmits and received messages from the senses (visual info from eyes etc)
• also directs muscles to react and move
• consists of sensory and motor neurones

Question 4

Autonomic system

Answer 4

• helps to transmit and receive info from organs
• divides into SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC
• sympathetic: increases activity
• parasympathetic: decreases activity

Question 5

Fight or flight response triggered by the…

Answer 5

ANS (autonomic), sympathetic branch

Question 6

What is the fight or flight response designed for

Answer 6

Help an individual manage physically when under threat, so they react quicker and can tackle threat by attacking or running away

Question 7

Stages of fight or flight response

Answer 7

1) Hypothalamus recognised there is a threat and sends message to adrenal gland
2) Adrenal medulla then triggers the release of adrenaline to the endocrine system and noradrenaline to brain, leads to increase heart rate, muscular tension and reduced function of digestive and immune system

Question 8

James-Lange theory of Emotion

Answer 8

• By William James and Carl Lange, suggest emotional experience is the result, NOT THE CAUSE, of perceived bodily changes
• eg, We might thin that if we meet a bear we become frightened and run but this theory suggests we are frightened BECAUSE we run
• so people acquire feedback from bodily changes and they label their subjective experience based on this feedback

Question 9

Alternative explanation to James-Lange theory

Answer 9

CANNON-BARD THEORY

- emotions and arousal occur at the same time, eg phobias

Question 10

Strength of James-Lange theory

Answer 10

-it does work, when you smile it’s proven you release endorphins and that’s a sign of a physiological state causing an emotional one

Question 11

Weakness of James-Lange theory

Answer 11

-disproven by World Health Organisation, the equivalent of saying ‘fake it till you make it’ to a depressed person