Structure and bonding Flashcards
Proton mass, charge and location
1 unit, +1 and located in nucleus
Neutron mass, charge and location
1 unit, 0 and located in nucleus
Electron mass, charge and location
1/ 1836 unit, -1 and orbits nucleus (in shells)
Atomic number
Smaller number (number of protons and electrons)
Mass number
Larger number (number of protons + neutrons)
Ionic bonding
Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
Ionic lattice
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charges ions
Covalent bonding
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.
Metallic bonding
A metallic bond is the sharing of many detached electrons between many positive ions, where the electrons act as a “glue” giving the substance a definite structure. It is unlike covalent or ionic bonding. … The electrons and the positive ions in the metal have a strong attractive force between them.
Melting point test
Place each metal in a roaring bunsen flame using tongs
Conductivity test
Attach leads from a power pack to a bulb and the metal in series. Start with a low voltage and increase it slowly
Density test
Place each metal in water to test density, does it float or sink?
Properties of metals
Malleable, ductile, shiny, dense, delocalise electrons that make them good conductors of electricity
