Structure and bonding

Question 1

Compounds are…

Answer 1

…substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

Question 2

Chemical bonding involves the what of electrons?

Answer 2

Transferring or sharing of electrons.

Question 3

The transferring and sharing of electrons happen in which part of atoms?

Answer 3

The outer energy levels (shells).

Question 4

Why are electrons transferred or shared between atoms?

Answer 4

So they can become stable compounds with the structure of a noble gas.

Question 5

When atoms form chemical compounds by transferring electrons they form what?

Answer 5

Ions.

Question 6

Atoms that lose electrons during bonding become what?

Answer 6

Positively charged ions.

Question 7

Atoms that gain electrons during bonding become what?

Answer 7

Negatively charged ions.

Question 8

Ions have the electronic structure of what in the periodic table?

Answer 8

Noble gases.

Question 9

Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are known as what?

Answer 9

Alkali metals.

Question 10

What charge do the ions of alkali metals have?

Answer 10

A single positive.

Question 11

Elements in Group 7 of the periodic table are known as what?

Answer 11

Halogens.

Question 12

What charge do halide ions have?

Answer 12

A single negative.

Question 13

Describe the structure of an ionic compound.

Answer 13

Giant ionic lattice where forces act in all directions on the ions.

Question 14

What force acts upon ions in the lattice giving ionic compounds certain properties?

Answer 14

A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges of the ions.

Question 15

What type of bonding between atoms shares electrons?

Answer 15

Covalent bonding (two non-metals).

Question 16

Most covalently bonded compounds form simple molecules, but some have giant structures (macromolecules), such as…

Answer 16

…diamond, graphite and fullerenes.

Question 17

Metals consist of what arrangement of atoms?

Answer 17

Atoms are arranged in a regular pattern in the form of a giant structure.

Question 18

In metallic bonding what happens to the electrons in the outermost shell?

Answer 18

They become delocalised and free to move through the whole structure. This leaves ions and electrons with strong electrostatic attractions and gives metals many of their properties.