Acids, bases and salts Flashcards
State symbols are:
(s), (l), (g) and (aq).
Soluble salt can be made from:
Metals - though not all metals suitable as some are too reactive and others not reactive enough.
Insoluble bases
Alkalis
How can a soluble salt be made from an insoluble base?
The base is added to acid until no more will react then the excess solid is filtered off.
How can a soluble salt be made from an alkali?
Indicator can be used to show when the acid and alkali have completely reacted to produce a salt solution.
Salt solutions can be made into solids how?
We can crystallise the solution (evaporate the water).
Insoluble salts can be made how?
By mixing solutions with appropriate ions in so that a precipitate forms.
How can precipitation be used in everyday life?
It can be used to remove unwanted ions from water during water treatment. The precipitate that forms can easily be filtered out of the water. This can be used for drinking water or for effluent.
What is a base?
A metal oxide or hydroxide.
How is a soluble hydroxide described?
As an alkali.
The salt produced in a reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends upon what?
The acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid nitrates etc.).
The metal in the base or alkali.
Ammonia dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution. What salts does this alkali produce?
Ammonium salts.
Why are ammonium salts useful?
They are used as fertilisers.
What ions make solutions acidic?
H+ ions.
What ions make solutions alkaline?
OH- ions.
What scale can be used to measure acidity or alkalinity of a solution?
pH scale.
