structure and bonding

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 3

Positive.

Question 4

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 4

Negative.

Question 5

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

Neutral.

Question 6

What is an ion?

Answer 6

An atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 7

Define cation.

Answer 7

A positively charged ion.

Question 8

Define anion.

Answer 8

A negatively charged ion.

Question 9

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 9

The electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

Question 10

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 10

A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Question 11

What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals?

Answer 11

Covalent bond.

Question 12

What type of bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal?

Answer 12

Ionic bond.

Question 13

What is a molecule?

Answer 13

A group of two or more atoms bonded together by covalent bonds.

Question 14

What is a compound?

Answer 14

A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together.

Question 15

True or False: All compounds are molecules.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

What is the octet rule?

Answer 16

Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Question 17

What is a valence electron?

Answer 17

An electron in the outermost shell of an atom that is involved in chemical bonding.

Question 18

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 18

The attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalized electrons.

Question 19

What is the structure of metals?

Answer 19

Metals have a lattice structure with closely packed atoms.

Question 20

What property of metals is due to metallic bonding?

Answer 20

Electrical conductivity.

Question 21

What is a lattice?

Answer 21

A regular arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline structure.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Ionic compounds typically form ______ at room temperature.

Answer 22

Crystals.

Question 23

What determines the strength of ionic bonds?

Answer 23

The charges of the ions and the distance between them.

Question 24

True or False: Covalent compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 25

A molecule with a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side.

Question 26

What is a nonpolar molecule?

Answer 26

A molecule that has an even distribution of electrical charge.

Question 27

What type of bond is formed in water (H2O)?

Answer 27

Covalent bond.

Question 28

What is a dipole?

Answer 28

A molecule that has two poles, one positive and one negative.

Question 29

What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength?

Answer 29

Generally, shorter bonds are stronger.

Question 30

What is the significance of electronegativity?

Answer 30

It measures an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons.

Question 31

What happens to the electronegativity as you move across a period?

Answer 31

It increases.

Question 32

What happens to the electronegativity as you move down a group?

Answer 32

It decreases.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule is approximately ______ degrees.

Answer 33

109.5.

Question 34

What is hybridization?

Answer 34

The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals for bonding.

Question 35

What is a sigma bond?

Answer 35

A bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals.

Question 36

What is a pi bond?

Answer 36

A bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Question 37

What type of structure do diamond and graphite have?

Answer 37

Diamond has a tetrahedral structure, while graphite has a layered structure.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Graphite is a good conductor of ______.

Answer 38

Electricity.

Question 39

What is a resonance structure?

Answer 39

Different ways of drawing the same molecule that show the delocalization of electrons.

Question 40

What is the main characteristic of ionic compounds?

Answer 40

They conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 41

What is a crystal lattice?

Answer 41

A three-dimensional arrangement of ions in a crystalline solid.

Question 42

True or False: All metals are malleable and ductile.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

What is the role of the sea of electrons in metallic bonding?

Answer 43

It allows metals to conduct electricity and heat.

Question 44

What is an Allotropy

Answer 44

the existence of two or more different physical forms of a chemical element.