State Of Matter Flashcards
4 main ideas behind particulate theory of matter
- Particles are in constant motion
- All matter is made of particles
- The particles have empty spaces between them
- The particles have forces of attraction between them
define Osmosis,
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This process continues until equilibrium is reached
what occurs when a substance sublimes
Substance changes from a solid directly to a gas
Explain how salt works to preserve fish
It draws water of the cells of food by osmosis. This prevents the food from decaying because there is no water available in the cell for the chemical reactions which cause the decay
Explain why: when a crystal of red food coloring fell into a beaker of water, after a while all the water became red
The particles making up the crystal seperate from each other and diffuse through the space between water particles until they are evenly distrubuted
Explain why: when a strip of potato was placed into a concentrated sucrose solution it decreased in length
Water molecules move through the membrane from the dilute solution into the concentrated solution but the surcrose molecules cannit move in the other direction. The volume of the concentrated solution increase and the volume of the dilute suluton decreases
Why is nitrogen gas very easy to compress?
Low density, large spaces between particles, weak force of attraction.
State Two differences between evaporation and boiling
1 Evaporation can take place at any temperature,
boiling takes place at a specifc temperature
2. Evaporation only takes place only at the surface while boiling takes place throughout
Why does a solid lump of have a fixed shape
Particles have strong forces of attraction, Possess very small amounts of kinetic, particles packed closely together
Water can exist as solid ice, liquid water, and gaseous steam .Explain the difference between these three states in terms of the arrangement of particles, the movement of their particles, and the force of attraction between their particles
In ice the particles are closely packed, movement between particles are is minimal and the force of attraction between particles is strong
In water the particles have small spaces between them and are randomly arranged, the movement between particles, the force of attraction between particles is weaker then in solids (ice)
In steam the particles have large spaces between them and are randomly arranged, particles move around freely and rapidly and the force of attraction between particles are very weak
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the net mvoement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, until the particles are evenly distributed
Define Melting point
The melting point is the constand temperture at which a solidchangrs state into a liquid
Define Boiling point
the boiling point is the constant temperature at which a liquid changes state into a gas
Define Freezing point
the freezing point is the constand temperature at which a liquid changes state into a solid
What is a heating curve
what is a cooling curve
give an example of diffusion
when a piece of cotton wool soaked in concentrated ammonia solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid are placed simultaneoulsy at opposite ends of a gass tube a white ring of ammonium chloride forms inside the tube. Ammonia solution gives off amonnia gas and hydrochloric acid gives off hydrogen chloride gas. The particles of the gases difuse through the air inside the tube, collide and react to form ammonia chloride
give evidence of the particulate theory of matter
diffusion and osmosis provide evidence to support the fact that all matter is made of particles
what are three different types of particles that make up matter
Atoms, molecules, ions
What is the procces by which a gas turns to a solid
deposition
