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acids bases and salts Flashcards

1
Q

An acid anhydride?

A

a compound that reacts with water to form an acid

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2
Q

a base?

A

a proton acceptor

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3
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that donates protons (H+) in a solution.

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4
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that accepts protons (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.

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5
Q

True or False: All acids are sour in taste.

A

True

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6
Q

What is the pH range of acids?

A

0 to 7

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7
Q

What is the pH range of bases?

A

7 to 14

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8
Q

What is a neutral solution’s pH?

A

7

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: An acid that completely dissociates in solution is called a ______ acid.

A

strong

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: A base that partially dissociates in solution is called a ______ base.

A

weak

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11
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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13
Q

What is the process called when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt?

A

neutralization

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14
Q

True or False: All salts are soluble in water.

A

False

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15
Q

What is the term for a salt formed from a strong acid and a strong base?

A

neutral salt

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16
Q

What is an example of a weak acid?

A

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

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17
Q

What is an example of a strong base?

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

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18
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in acidic solutions?

A

red

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19
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in basic solutions?

A

blue

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20
Q

What is the name of the scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution?

A

pH scale

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21
Q

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

22
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

23
Q

Fill in the blank: A salt that is formed from the reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide is ______.

A

sodium sulfate

24
Q

What is the term for the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution?

A

hydronium ion concentration

25
What happens to the pH of a solution when you add an acid?
The pH decreases.
26
What happens to the pH of a solution when you add a base?
The pH increases.
27
What is the main use of acids in industry?
They are used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes.
28
What is the main use of bases in industry?
They are used in cleaning agents and as pH regulators.
29
True or False: Vinegar is an example of a weak acid.
True
30
What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal?
A salt and hydrogen gas.
31
Fill in the blank: The salt produced from hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide is ______.
potassium chloride
32
What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
A neutralization reaction producing carbon dioxide, water, and a salt.
33
What is the term for the ability of a substance to conduct electricity in a solution?
electrolytic conductivity
34
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
35
What is the primary component of a salt?
Ionic compounds formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base.
36
What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate?
Baking soda
37
What type of acid is citric acid?
Weak acid
38
True or False: Acids can turn blue litmus paper red.
True
39
What is the process called when a base dissolves in water?
Dissociation
40
What is the result of the complete neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base?
A neutral solution with a pH of 7.
41
What is the chemical reaction that occurs when acids and bases react?
Acid-base reaction
42
What is the main characteristic of strong acids?
They completely dissociate in water.
43
What is the main characteristic of weak bases?
They partially dissociate in water.
44
Fill in the blank: The salt formed from the reaction of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide is ______.
sodium phosphate
45
What is the term for the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?
pH
46
What happens to the solubility of salts in water as temperature increases?
Generally increases for most salts.
47
What is the primary use of hydrochloric acid in the industry?
Cleaning and pickling metals.
48
True or False: Bases taste bitter.
True
49
what is an alkalai
a base whcih dissolves in water to form a solution that contains oh- ions
50
what is a salt
a compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ammonium ions

chem (7 decks)

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