Structure and bonding

Question 1

What is a covalent bond ?

Answer 1

Electrostatic attraction
Between nuclei
Of shared electrons

Question 2

What is meant by a metallic bond ?

Answer 2

Strong electrostatic attraction
Between positively charged metal ion
And negative delocalised electrons

Question 3

What is meant by an ionic bond ?

Answer 3

Strong electrostatic attraction
Between oppositely charged ions

Question 4

Explain the role of a catalyst

Answer 4

Lowers activation energy
By providing an alternate reaction pathway
Not consumed in the reaction - can be re-used

Question 5

How is a sigma bond formed ?

Answer 5

DIrect overlap
Of 1s orbitals

Question 6

What is homolytic fission ?

Answer 6

Fission - bond breaking
Homolytic - 2 products formed, each product retaining equal number of electrons

Question 7

How many ELECTRONS go into each shell

Answer 7

1st - 2
2nd - 8
3rd - 18
4th - 32

Question 8

Order these in size :
Sub shell
Shell
Orbital

Answer 8

Shell -> Sub-shell -> Orbital

Question 9

Why might a compound be polar ?

Answer 9

Dipoles aren’t cancelled out
Compound is asymmetrical

Question 10

What is meant by an ionic lattice ?

Answer 10

Repeating pattern
Of oppositely charged ions