structure and bonding

Question 1

what is monatomic bonding

Answer 1

noble gases exist as single atoms - they are monatomic

Question 2

what is metallic bonding

Answer 2

electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal centres and delocalised electrons

Question 3

what is covalent molecular bonding

Answer 3

electrostatic force of attraction between 2 positive nuclei and a pair of electrons

Question 4

what are odd examples of covalent molecular bonding

Answer 4

phosphorus (P4)
sulfur (S8)
buckminster fullerene (c60)

Question 5

what is covalent network bonding

Answer 5

only boron, silicon and carbon can do this

Question 6

what is ionic bonding

Answer 6

the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 7

what is pure covalent

Answer 7

• sometimes called non polar covalent
• two nuclei are equally attracted to the same pair of shared electrons
• exists between atoms with the same/similar electronegativity eg diatomic molecules

Question 8

what is polar covalent

Answer 8

• two nuclei are unequally attracted to the same pair of shared electrons
• an atom with higher electronegativity has a greater attraction to the bonding electrons
• bonding electrons are pulled closer to the atom causing a permanent dipole

Question 9

what happens if there is a large difference in electronegativity

Answer 9

then one atom loses its electron to the other
usually between metal and non metal elements

Question 10

can a molecule have polar bonds and be non polar

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

do polar or non polar molecules have permanent dipoles

Answer 11

polar molecules

Question 12

is mp and bp higher in polar or non polar molecules and why

Answer 12

polar because they have increased intermolecular forces

Question 13

example of non polar solvent

Answer 13

hexane

Question 14

example of polar solvent

Answer 14

water

Question 15

explain like dissolves like

Answer 15

polar substances are soluble in polar solvents and non polar substances are soluble in non polar solvents

Question 16

what are the 3 van der waals forces in order of strength

Answer 16

ldfs, permanent dipole, hydrogen bonding

Question 17

explain ldfs

Answer 17

electrons are constantly moving, can lead to uneven electron distribution at times which creates a temp dipole which induces another temp dipole in another atom

creates weak electrostatic force of attraction between the atoms

Question 18

what elements does ldfs occur

Answer 18

all

Question 19

which molecules will have a permanent dipole

Answer 19

polar molecules

Question 20

what is hydrogen bonding

Answer 20

a type of permanent dipole force that occurs between hydrogen and NOF

Question 21

how does ice melt

Answer 21

stable hydrogen bonds break and reform

Question 22

melting point of ionic compounds

Answer 22

high

Question 23

melting points of covalent networks

Answer 23

high

Question 24

are ionic compounds solid at room temp

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

are covalent networks solid at room temp

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

what structure and bonding do all gasses and liquids

Answer 26

covalent molecular

Question 27

what type of bonding had conduction as a solid

Answer 27

metallic

Question 28

what kind of bonding has conduction as a liquid

Answer 28

metallic and ionic

Question 29

what kind of bonding has conduction as solutions

Answer 29

ionic