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chemistry > fragrances and skincare > Flashcards

fragrances and skincare Flashcards

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1
Q

what is UVA

A

the longest wavelength and not absorbed by the ozone.
penetrates skin the deepest

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2
Q

what is UVB

A

responsible for sunburn, partially blocked by ozone layer

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3
Q

what is UVC

A

totally absorbed by earths atmosphere, only encountered through artificial radiation sources

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4
Q

what is UV light

A

high energy form of light present in sunlight which has enough energy to break bonds

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5
Q

what does overexposure to uv cause

A

sunburn and premature ageing

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6
Q

what does damage to dna casue

A

mutations which can result in cancerous growths

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7
Q

what is melanin

A

a pigment produced when skin is exposed to sunlight, causes skin to darken and stops skin from burning by absorbing some UV

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8
Q

what does sunblock do

A

provide a physical and chemical barrier stopping UV from reaching skin

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9
Q

what happens when UV breaks bonds

A

free radicals are formed

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10
Q

what are free radicals

A

highly reactive atoms or molecules due to the presence of unbonded electrons, they cause chain reactions

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11
Q

what is step 1 of chain reaction

A

initiation - a free radical is made

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12
Q

what is step 2 of chain reaction

A

propagation - the first free radical causes others to form

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13
Q

what is step 3 of chain reaction

A

termination - 2 free radicals react to reform a molecule

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14
Q

what are free radical scavengers

A

molecules which react with free radicals to prevent chain reactions, theyre added to cosmetics, plastics etc

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15
Q

what are good free radical scavengers

A

antioxidants eg vitamin c

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16
Q

what are essential oils

A

volatile and non-water soluble concentrated extracts of the aroma compounds from plants

17
Q

whats the key compound of essential oils

A

terpenes

18
Q

what do synthetic terpenes do

A

allow us to replicate the flavour/aroma of terpenes in perfumes and foods

19
Q

what are terpenes

A

unsaturated compounds formed by joining isoprenes

20
Q

isoprene structure

A

CH3
|
C CH2
/ \ /
CH2 C

21
Q

how are isoprenes linked

A

head to tail or in a ring structure

22
Q

why would terpenes be oxidised

A

to make some of the common aroma compounds in spices

23
Q

what are terpenes containing oxygen or other functional groups called

A

terpenoids

24
Q

what are common terpenoids

A

cloves, cinnamon, ginger

25
Q

how are essential oils made

A

extraction of oil from plants using distillation

26
Q

what is distillation

A

a serpatation technique based on different bps

chemistry (9 decks)

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