fats and oils Flashcards
what are the three main food compounds we eat
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fats and oils
what does a carbohydrate contain
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
what do carbohydrates do
give us energy for movement
why are proteins needed
to help us grow and repair our body tissues
what do fats and oils do
help transport fat soluble vitamins around the body
good source of energy
what are natural sources of fats and oils
animal fat, veg oil and marine oil
what are edible fats and oils called
naturally occurring esters
how are fats and oils formed
by the condensation reaction of glycerol and three carboxylic acids
what is glycerol also called
propan-1,2,3-trol
structural formula of glycerol
CH2-OH
|
CH-OH
|
CH2-OH
what are fatty acids
long chain carboxylic acids
what makes something saturated
more single bonds, less double bonds
how do you know if a fat is saturated
Cx H2x+1 COOH
what do polyunsaturated bonds have
many C=C bonds
what do monounsaturated bonds have
one C=C bond
what do monounsaturates have
the hydrogens will be double the amount of carbons
are fats solid or liquid at room temp
solid
why do fats have a higher temp than oils
due to high proportion of saturated molecules
fats can pack closer together than oils, increasing ldfs
are oils solids or liquid at room temp
liquid
why do oils have a lower mp than fats
they have a higher proportion of unsaturated molecules present
cant pack close together
how can you test for fats and oils
bromine decolourises quickly in unsaturated compounds
the more unsaturation present, the more bromine can be decolourised
will fats or oils decolourise bromine quicker
oils
how can the degree of saturation of fats and oils be determined by iodine number
the higher the iodine number the more unsaturated it will be
how can oils be hardened
hydrogenation
