Structure Flashcards
What practices are there in conversation?
o Complaining – figurative speech often used
o Accusations – Drew P. (1978)
o Blaming
oAgreements/disagreements
o Fishing
o Invitations
o Reporting bad news
o Trouble – telling -
o Teases and their reports – “Po-faced” the person being teased doesn’t laugh but others do. Drew P. (1987)
What is the procedural infrastructure of conversation?
Turn-taking, repair and preference
What is the difference between a preferred and dispreferred answer?
Preferred = short and fast responses, direct, no delays and positive reply
Dispreferred = long delay, turn initial structure is usually negative, followed by a compliment and then an account… the use of the word “no” so often not used and the account is used in place of this exact word
What is the offer/refusal sequence?
First part pair of adjacency pair followed by rejection
Delay, followed by turn initial “well” shows that something negative is coming, followed by a compliment, the actual refusal is pushed late into the turn. Can’t just say no.
What constitutes an agreement?
agreements in English are often done through upgrade
Agreement + assessment = upgrade.
4.d 1A she seems like a nice little [lady
2B [awfully nice little lady.
Pomerantz: if you don’t do an agreement, it looks like you are opposing in your opinion
Downgrades and self-deprecation
Downgrades are used after compliments in order to not look like you’re boasting in a self-appraisal
Self-deprecation: “I look like a real mess” – “oh no, you look lovely” = the disagreement is usually fast to turn the negative back into a positive
Pomerantz (1984) - Agreements and disagreements
In general, agreements are performed with a minimization of gap between the prior turn’s completion and the agreement turn’s initiation; disagreement components are frequently delayed within a turn or over a series of turns
What are presequences?
A sequence that is prefatory to the main action.
“what are you doing?” - preinvitation/preinvitation
“coffee to go?” - presequence/prerequest/ preinvitation become the request
What are pre-announcements?
In bad news telling, the recipient is often forced to guess and answer their own question “i’ve got something to tell you”
Opposed to good new “guess what?”
