Structural Variations

Question 1

Impact of lip abnormalities on speech

Answer 1

Difficulty with bilabial sounds

Labiodental placements may be used instead

Question 2

Nose abnormalities and effect on speech

Answer 2

Nasal airway obstruction

Hypernasality

Question 3

Teeth abnormalities

Answer 3

Short or narrow upper arch 
Missing teeth
Vertical overbite 
Open bite (thumb sucking) 
Cross bite 
Malocclusion

Question 4

Impact of abnormal teeth on speech

Answer 4

Difficulty with /s, z, sh, ch, f, v, t, d/
/s/ distortions
Tongue tip movement and Impact on resonance quality
Impacts tongue tip connection with alveolar ridge
Can cause lisp

Question 5

Tongue abnormalities

Answer 5

Macroglossia (enlarged tongue, Down syndrome)
Microglossia (small tongue)
Ankylosis sis (tongue tie)

Question 6

Impact of abnormal tongue on speech

Answer 6

Interferes with all tongue tip sounds
Causes lingual protrusion, open mouth posture, airway obstruction
Specific difficulty with /l, th/

Question 7

Palate abnormalities

Answer 7

Abnormal palatal arch
Cleft palate
Palatal fistula

Question 8

Impact of abnormal palate on speech

Answer 8

Low, flat arch can cause lingual crowding and abnormal resonance
Impaired velophagryngeal closure
Nasal emission

Question 9

Lip abnormalities

Answer 9

Short upper lip - due to cleft lip, cleft lip repair or protruding premaxilla

Question 10

What structure is not apart of the upper airway passage

Answer 10

Trachea

Question 11

Ankyloglossia

Answer 11

Tongue tie

Question 12

Cleft lip/palate is most common with…

Answer 12

Native Americans

Question 13

Silent otitis media

Answer 13

Otitis media with effusion

Fluid stuck behind eardrum but there is no infection

Question 14

Maxillary processes give rise to

Answer 14

Hard and soft palate