Disorders

Question 0

Phonological disorder

Answer 0

Disorder of conceptualization of language rules - rule based
Typically involves many errors
Error patterns that are identifiable

Question 1

Two categories of speech sound disorders

Answer 1

Phonological disorder

Articulation disorder

Question 2

Articulation disorder

Answer 2

Disorder of production, difficulty producing particular phonemes, deficiency in motor processes
No identifiable error patterns
Due to organic, structural or neurological factors

Question 3

Backing

Answer 3

Alveolar (t) substituted with a velar (k)
“Gog for dog”
Occurs in mor severe phonological delays

Question 4

Fronting

Answer 4

Velar or palatal (k) substituted with alveolar (t)
“Tootie for cookie”
3.5 years

Question 5

Gliding

Answer 5

R becomes W, L becomes W or Y
“Wabbit for rabbit”
6 years old

Question 6

Stopping

Answer 6

Fricative (f) or affricate is substituted with a stop
“Dump for jump”
3-5 years

Question 7

Affrication

Answer 7

Nonaffricate replaced with affricate
“Joor for door”
3 years of age

Question 8

Deaffrication

Answer 8

Affricate replaced with fricative or stop
“Ships for chips”
4 years of age

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Consonant sounds like another sound in word
“Bub for bus”
3 years

Question 10

Final consonant devoicing

Answer 10

Final consonant substituted with voiceless consonant
“Pick for pig”
3 years

Question 11

Coalesence

Answer 11

Two phonemes substituted with different phonemes of similar features
“Foon for spoon”

Question 12

Reduplication

Answer 12

Complete or incomplete syllable is repeated
“Baba for bottle”
3 years

Question 13

Cluster reduction

Answer 13

Consonant cluster reduced to single consonant
“Pane for plane”
4 years

Question 14

Epenthesis

Answer 14

Sound added between two consonants usually “uh”
“Bu-lue for blue”
8 years

Question 15

Syllable structure processes

Answer 15

Sounds or syllables reduced, omitted, or repeated

Question 16

Assimilation processes

Answer 16

One sound will sound like another surrounding sound

Question 17

Substitution processes

Answer 17

One sound class repeated for another class

Question 18

Correlation

Answer 18

When two or more events occur at the same timer and might be associated with each other but aren’t necessarily effects by cause and effect relationship

Down syndrome and articulation related but don’t cause one another

Question 19

Causation

Answer 19

Two or more events occurring at the same time and one factor causes the other

Down syndrome causes low tone, cleft lip causes hypernasality

Question 20

Teratogen

Answer 20

Agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo

Question 20

How many phonemes in the English language

Answer 20

43

Question 20

What sound occurs least frequently in the English language

Answer 20

Sh

Question 21

What percentage of children who have multiple speech sound errors also have general expressive language impairment

Answer 21

60%