Structural & Functional Orginization of Tissue Flashcards
what are the four types of tissues
Muscle tissues
Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Connective tissue
The integumentary system is comprised of what parts
Skin
Hair
Nails
Accessory Structures
what type of tissue generates the physical force to make the body structures move
muscle tissue
what type of tissue protects and supports the body and it organs
Connective tissue
what type of tissue provides immunity
Connective tissue
what type of epithelial cell provides contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and extracellular matrix and maintain paracellular barriers of epithelia
Cell junction
epithelial tissue is broadly categorized into what two categories
covering and lining epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
what category of epithelial tissue is the covering of the skin and outer coverings of some eternal organs, lines body cavities, blood vessels and ducts and integral part of sense organs for hearing , vision and touch
Covering and lining
what category of epithelial tissue is the secreting portion of the gland
Glandular epithelium
what is the most superficial layer epithelial tissue
Apical layer
whats is the deepest layer of the epithelial tissue
Basal layer
what epithelial tissue is the mostly comprised of protein fibers, located between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue layer and helps to bind and support the epithelium
Basement membrane
what are the two ways of classifying epithelial tissue cells
morphology
stratification
what classification of epithelial tissue cells is based on shape
morphology
what classification of epithelial tissue cells is based on number of layers
stratification
what are the 4 morphology epithelial cells types
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional
what type of epithelial tissue cell is a Thin, flat shape allows rapid passage of substances through them
Squamous epithelium
what type of epithelial tissue cell is tall as they are wide and shaped like cubes or hexagons
cuboidal epithelium
what type of epithelial tissue cell is taller than they are wide
columnar epithelium
what type of epithelial tissue cell is able to change shape from flat to cuboidal and back depending on tension & distention of tissue.
transitional Epithelium
a single layer of epithelial cells that functions in diffusion osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorption
simple epithelium
what type of epithelium tissue cells is a simple epithelium that appears to be stratified because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cell reach the apical surface.
however all the cells rest on the basement membrane
Pseudostratified epithelium
what epithelial cells provide two forms of locomotion
Ciliated Epithelial Cells
what on the epithelial cells increase the surface are of a cell by multiplying the area form 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions
Microvilli
what is a highly- insoluble fibrous protein with water proofing qualities and high friction resistance
Keratin
what are cells that lose their nucleus and organelles to make room for keratin, and no longer living cells
keratinocytes
what type of keratin cells is found on wet/interior surfaces that is exposed to considerable wear and tear such as the mouth tongue, pharynx, esophagus and vagina
Non-keratinized stratified epithelium
what type of keratin cells is found on dry/outer surfaces where resistance to both friction and water is needed
Keratinized
what does the outer epidermis consists of that provides protection against water, friction, abrasion, and microorganisms
keratinocytes
what has greater cells and less extracellular space (Matrix)
Epithelial Tissue
what has less cells greater extracellular space (matrix)
Connective Tissue
what are the connective tissue cells
Fibroblast
Adipocytes
Mast Cells
what are the connective tissue fibers
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
what are the most common cells in connective tissues and synthesize and secretes collagen and elastin
Fibroblast
what type of cells serve to cushion and insulate the skin and other organs
Adipocytes
what type of cells is an important to the inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair
Mast cells
T/F
Collagen fibers are very strong and resistant to shear force
True
what type of connective tissue provides elasticity and has rubber like properties
elastic fibers
what type of connective tissue provides strength and support in the walls of small blood vessels
Reticular
epithelial layers secretes mucous via what cells
goblet cells
what are the function of mucous membrane
GEN: prevent cavities from drying out
RESP: Traps particles
GI: Lubricates, absorbs. and secrete digestive enzymes
DERM: bind the epithelium to the underlying structures
what type of cell membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and covers organs that lie within a cavity
Serous Membrane
what type of cell membrane lines joints
Synovial Membrane
what layer of the skin is the surface layer, consist of continually regenerating karatinocytes with a 30 day life cycle
Epidermis
what are the layers of the epidermis
Statum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinsum
Stratum Basale
what layer of the epidermis is where most of the keratin is located and where cells here shed & replace from below
Stratum Corneum
what layer of the epidermis is the stem cell layer where new cells arise
Stratum Basale
where is the dermis located
Epidermis and subcutaneous tissue
what is the specialized cells of the epidermis and hair follicle, primary function to synthesis and transfer melanin to adjacent keratinocytes
melanocytes
what type of cells are sensitive to touch and pressure
merkel cells
hair is compromised of what fused cells
keratinized cells
hair help protect what structures
scalp
eyes
nostrils
what derm gland release secretions directly into the blood stream
Endocrine
what type of glands release sections onto the epithelial surface via a duct and have a major roll in derm
Exocrine glands
what type of gland opens to the into a hair follicle and secretes an oily /waxy sebum
Sebaceous Glands
what type of gland empty directly into the skin surface, Not from the hair follicle.
Sudoriferous Eccrine gland
what type of gland is attached to the hair follicle, it secretions serve as a nutrient for microbes and attains it characteristic odor
Apocrine
what type of gland is attached to the hair follicle, it secretions serve as a nutrient for microbes and attains it characteristic odor
Apocrine
what is the distal margin of the nail plate
Free edge
what portion of the nail is visable
Nail Body (plate)
what part of the nail consist of stratum corneum beneath the free edge that attaches to the free edge of fingertip
Nail Bed
semi-circular layer of the epithelial cells covering the proximal portion of the nail
Cuticle
portion of the nail that is not visible
Nail root
proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root where new nail cell are produced
Nail Matrix
what are the functions of the nails
protection
enhances precise and delicate finger moving ) grasping/manipulation
what is the viable crescent shape at the base of the nail late
nunula
what are the three main pigments that influence skin pigmentation
Melanin
carotene
Hemoglobin
high caroten rate will give what skin tone
yellow to reddish tone
High hemoglobin rate will give what skin tone
red to pinkish tone
excessive intake of lipid compounds found in red, orange, yellow and green vegetables and fruit will cause what characterized by yellow-orange discoloration of skin
carotenemia
what stimulates melanin production
UV light exposure
increase melanin amount and darkness serve as what
adaptive protective function
a genetic condition characterized by little or no melanin pigment of the eyes, skin, or hair
Occurs worldwide and affects people of all races
Albinism
what is a acquired depigmentatioin of the skin characterized by loss of melancytes
thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack the melanocytes
Vitilgo
what are the functions of the skin
Temp Regulation
Protection
Cutaneous Sensation
Excretion/absorption/synth
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation activates what
vitamin D
Vitamin D is converted to what that aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Calcitriol
what are the 5 signs of inflammation
local hyperthermia
Erythema
Local Edema
Pain
loss of function
what type of aging is inevitable physiologic changes of the skin
interstice aging
what type of aging is preventable structural and functional changes of the skin
extrinsic aging
what are factors of extrinsic aging
Environmental
Lifestyle
Social
Elective Cosmetics Surgeries
what is the most important source of preventable extrinsic aging termed photo aging
ultraviolet radiation exposure
what are effects to epidermal aging
deterioration of wound repair capacity
Easier to injure underlying tissue
elevated risk of cancer
weakened cutaneous immunity
what are effects to epidermal aging
deterioration of wound repair capacity
Easier to injure underlying tissue
elevated risk of cancer
weakened cutaneous immunity
what is the most rapidly regenerating and repairing tissue and has capacity for continuous renewal
Epithelial Tissue
what are the phases of healing
Inflamation (1 -3 days)
Proliferative (2 -10) days
Early Remodeling (2- 3) weeks
Late remodeling (months to year)
what is healing by primary intention
sutures
staples
dermal adhesive
what is healing by secondary intention
formation of granulation tissue fill the space between the wound
what is healing by secondary intention
formation of granulation tissue fill the space between the wound
what type of cell junction forms a barrier against water antigens passing between individual epithelial cells
tight junction
what type of cell adhesion continuously assembled and dissembled so cells can respond changes in their movement
Ahderens Junction
what type of cell junction forms stable adhesive junctions between cells
Demosomes
what type of cell junction allows various molecules and electrical signals to pass freely between cells
Gap junctions
what type of cell junction facilitate the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane
Hemidesomosomes
is squamous epithelium kertinized or non kerternized
both
what are the two processes of tissue architecture restoration after an injury
regeneration
replacement
what tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal .
why
Nervous tissue
because it does not undergo mitosis to replace neurons
