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HEMA, LYMPH, IMMUNE > Structural and Functional Orginization of the Lymphatic & Immune System > Flashcards

Structural and Functional Orginization of the Lymphatic & Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

what body system responsible for adaptive immunity

A

lymphatic system

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2
Q

the lymphatic system consist of what

A

lymph

lymphatic vessels

structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue

red bone marrow

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3
Q

most components of blood plasma filter out of what to form interstitial fluid

A

blood capillary connective tissue

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4
Q

lymphatic tissue is a specialized of what type of connective tissue

A

reticular connective tissue that contains large number of lymphocytes

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5
Q

After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels, it is called

A

Lymph

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6
Q

Lymph and interstitial fluid are chemically similar to

A

blood plasma

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7
Q

whats the difference between Lymph and interstitial fluid to blood plasma

A

interstitial fluid and lymph contain less

protein

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8
Q

Each day, about how many liters of fluid filter from blood into tissue spaces

A

20

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9
Q

About how many liters of the fluid filtered daily from the arterial end of blood
capillaries return to the blood directly by reabsorption at the venous
end of the capillaries.

A

17

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10
Q

about how many liters per day pass first into lymphatic vessels and are
then returned to the blood.

A

3

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11
Q

what are the Lymphatic System Three Primary Functions:

A

Drains excess interstitial fluid.

Transports Dietary Lipids

Carries out Immune Responses.

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12
Q

what are the lipid soluble vitamins transported by the lymphatic system

A

A, D, E, and K

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13
Q

True or False

Lymphatic capillaries are slightly larger than blood capillaries

A

True

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14
Q

describe The endothelial cells that make up the wall of a lymphatic capillary

A

not attached end to end,

but rather, the ends overlap

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15
Q

when do the lymph cells separate slightly, like a one-way swinging door, and allow interstitial fluid to
enters the lymphatic capillary.

A

When pressure is greater in interstitial fluid than in lymph

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16
Q

what happens when pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary

A

the cells adhere

more closely and lymph cannot escape back into interstitial fluid

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17
Q

Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in structure but have what

A

thinner walls and more valves.

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18
Q

Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels are

A

lymph nodes

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19
Q

lymph nodes are masses

A

masses of

B cells and T cells that are surrounded by a capsule.

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20
Q

True or False

Lymph flows through lymph

A

True

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21
Q

From the lymphatic vessels, lymph eventually passes into what two main
channels:

A

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

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22
Q

what is the main lymph collecting duct

A

thoracic duct

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23
Q

the thoracic duct receives lymph from where

A

left side of the head

neck

chest

left upper limb

entire body below the ribs

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24
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from where

A

upper right side of the

body

25
Q

the thoracic duct empties its lymph into where

A

junction of the left

internal jugular and left subclavian veins

26
Q

the right lymphatic duct empties its lymph into where

A

the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins.

27
Q

what two pumps maintain the flow of lymph

A

Skeletal muscle pump.

Respiratory pump.

28
Q

what type of pump is considered the “milking action”

A

Skeletal muscle pump.

29
Q

what are the Primary Lymphatic Organs

A

Red bone marrow

Thymus

30
Q

what are the Secondary Lymphatic Organ

A

Lymphatic Nodules

Lymph nodes

The spleen

31
Q

what type of organs are the sites where stem cells divide and develop into mature B cells
and T cells

A

Primary Lymphatic Organs

32
Q

what type of organs where most immune responses occur

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

33
Q

what type of bones give rise to mature B Cells and immature T Cells.

A

give rise to mature B Cells and immature T Cells.

34
Q

where do T cells migrate to mature

A

thymus

35
Q

describe the Thymus

A

two-lobed organ located posterior to the sternum.

36
Q

the thymus contains what

A

large numbers of T cells and macrophages

37
Q

Lymph nodes Heavily concentrated near what

A

mammary glands

axillae

groin.

38
Q

Lymph nodes contain what type of cells

A

B cells

Plasma cells

T cells

dendritic cells

macrophages.

39
Q

what is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body

A

spleen

40
Q

where is the spleen located

A

between the stomach and diaphragm

41
Q

the spleen contains what two type of tissue

A

white pulp

red pulp

42
Q

describe Lymphatic Nodules

A

Egg-shaped masses

43
Q

Yes or No

are Lymphatic Nodules surrounded by a capsule

A

No

44
Q

Lymphatic Nodules are plentiful where

A

connective tissue of mucous membranes lining

gastrointestinal tract

urinary tract

reproductive tracts

respiratory airways

45
Q

what type of immunity includes barriers provided by the skin and mucous membranes and various internal defenses

A

Innate Immunity

46
Q

inflammation and fever are what type of immunity

A

Innate immunity, 2nd Line of defense

47
Q

Adaptive Immunity Involves what type of cells

A

lymphocytes

B Cells

T Cells

48
Q

what are the two types of adaptive immunity

A

Cell-mediated immunity

antibody-mediated immunity

49
Q

what type of immunity are we born with

A

Innate immunity

50
Q

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses produce proteins called

A

interferons

51
Q

When microbes penetrate the skin and mucous membranes or bypass the
antimicrobial substances in blood, the next nonspecific defense consists of

A

phagocytes and natural killer cells.

52
Q

The four signs and symptoms of inflammation are

A

redness

pain

heat,

swelling.

53
Q

why does Abnormally high body temperature occur

A

hypothalamic

thermostat is reset

54
Q

Normally, a person’s adaptive immune system cells recognize and do not attack
their own tissues and chemicals. Such lack of reaction against self- tissues is
called

A

self- tolerance.

55
Q

Adaptive immunity involves what cells

A

B cell and T cells

56
Q

T cells mature where

A

thymus

57
Q

what are the two major types of mature T cells that exit the thymus

A

Helper T cells

Cytotoxic T cells

58
Q

what are the two types of adaptive immunity

A

Cell-mediated immunity

antibody mediated immunity.

HEMA, LYMPH, IMMUNE (5 decks)

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