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HEMA, LYMPH, IMMUNE > Clinical Care of the Hematologic System > Flashcards

Clinical Care of the Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

anemia is defined by a value less than what in:

Males

Females

A

Less 41%, males

Less than 37% in females

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2
Q

a ferritin lab value of what indicated anemia

A

less than 12 mcg/L ferritin

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3
Q

most common cause of iron deficiency anemia

A

bleeding

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4
Q

what is the most common type of anemia word wide

A

Iron deficiency

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5
Q

what increases chances of iron anemia

A

menstruation

pregnancy

frequent blood donations

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6
Q
  • Fatigue
  • Tachycardia
  • palpitation
  • tachypnea
  • cheilosis
  • Dysphasia (due to esophageal webs)
  • Pica( ice chips)

What is the DX

A

Iron Anemia

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7
Q

if a patient is given Ferrous Sulfate what else will be prescribed

A

stool softener or laxative

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8
Q

Ferrous Sulfate turns the stool what color

A

black

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9
Q

how much vitamin B12 does the liver contain

A

2000 - 5000 mcg

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10
Q

B12 vitamin develops after how many years after abortion is ceased

A

3 years

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11
Q

daily loss of vitamin B12 is

A

3-5 mcg/dL

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12
Q

Vitamin B12 is rare and only seen in what population

A

Vegans

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13
Q

What are physical findings for B12 deficiency

A

Glossitis

Anorexia

Late stage appears:

Pale

Paresthesia

difficulty w/ balance

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14
Q

whats a hallmark CBC with Diff for B12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

with characteristic find of macro-ovalocyte with hyperpigminted neutrophils

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15
Q

what lab value is overly B12 deficiency

what lab value will show B12 deficient symptoms

A

170 pg/mL

100 pg/mL

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16
Q

whats the treatment for B12 deficiency

A

IM injection of vitamin B12

  • daily for 1st week
  • weekly 1st month
  • Monthly for life
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17
Q

what are the intrinsic pathways

A

12

11

8

9

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18
Q

what are the extrinsic pathways

A

7

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19
Q

Hemophilia A is Congenital Deficiency of coagulation of factor

A

Congenital Deficiency of coagulation of factor 8

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20
Q

Hemophilia B is Congenital Deficiency of coagulation of factor

A

Congenital Deficiency of coagulation of factor 9

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21
Q

what a complications of both coagulopathies

A

recurrent hemarthroses or
arthropathy

inhibitory antibodies to factor 8 or 9

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22
Q

complications of both coagulopathies is due to

A

infection with HIV or Hep C blood products

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23
Q

what is disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

its a systematic process with the potential for causing thrombosis and hemorrhage

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24
Q

what are common manifistation for disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

ecchymosoes

blood ozzing

venous thrombosis

arterial theombosis

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25
Q

what are common causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

Sepsis

Malignancy

trauma

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26
Q

what is the go to medication to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

Heparin

27
Q

what are complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

Anemia

Massive hemorrhage

28
Q

what is G6PD

A

hereditary enzyme defect that causes episodic anemia because of RBC to deal with oxidative stresses

29
Q

In G6PD oxidized hemoglobin dentures and forms precipitations called

A

Heinz bodies

30
Q

Heinz bodies cause membrane damage which leads to removal by what organ

A

Spleen

31
Q

G6PD is exacerbated by what drug

A

primaquine

nitrofurantoin

aspirin

32
Q

what is a consideration of military G6PD members

A

red dog tags ans warning on front of the health record

33
Q

what is Hemoglobinopathies / Sickle cell

A

a anemia austosomal recessive disorder in which an abnormal hemoglobin S

34
Q

hemoglobin S is carried in what percent of African Americans

A

8%

35
Q

what are S/S of Hemoglobinopathies / Sickle cell

A

jaundice

Gallstones

Hepatosplenmegly

poor healing ulcers

36
Q

what are s/s of acute Hemoglobinopathies / Sickle cell

A

pain in bones (especially back, long bones chest)

37
Q

acute Hemoglobinopathies / Sickle cell last for how long

A

hours to days

38
Q

acute Hemoglobinopathies / Sickle cell labs have a hallmark of

A

hyposplenism such as Howell-Jolly bodies and target cells

39
Q

when acute painful episodes occur what should be the precipitating factors

A

keep hydrated and prevent hypoxemia

search for underlying factors

40
Q

what are considerations sickle cell trait

A

painful episodes with vigorous exertion or high altitudes

41
Q

what is acute leukemia

A

malignancy of the hematopoietiuc progenitor cell

42
Q

acute leukemia is classified into what two subcategories

A

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

43
Q

what type of acute leukemia comprises 80% of childhood leukemias and 20% of adult leukemias

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

44
Q

what type of acute leukemia is primarily an adult disease

A

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

45
Q

what are S/S of acute leukemia

A

fatigue

bleeding in the skin and mucosal surfaces such as

gingiva

epitaxis

menorrhagia

enlagrment of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes

bone tenderness (sternum, tibia, femur)

46
Q

whats a DXx for acute leukemia

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

47
Q

what are lab hallmarks for acute leukemia

A

pancytopenia with circulating blast

48
Q

do you retain or medevac acute leukemia

A

medevac

49
Q

what is Leukocytosis / Leukopenia

A

Leukocytosis high white cell count

Leukopenia low white cell count

50
Q

if a patient has determined to have Leukocytosis with a high lymphocytes what is the cause

A

viral infection

Immune disease

stress

51
Q

if a patient has determined to have Leukocytosis with a high Eosinophils what is the cause

A

Skin diseasse

drug reaction

parasite infection

asthma

52
Q

if a patient has determined to have Leukocytosis with a high basophils what is the cause

A

chronic myeloid lukemia

53
Q

if a patient has determined to have Leukocytosis with a high monocytes what is the cause

A

infection

autoimmune disease

54
Q

1 etiologies for leukopenia is ethnic neutropenia at what percent does it affect black and whites

A
  1. 5% blacks

0. 7% whites

55
Q

what are S/s of leukopenia

A

fever

jaundice

rash

56
Q

What is thromnoctopenia

A

low amount of circulating platlets

57
Q

the risk of spontaneous bleeding doe not typically increase until platelet count falls below what

A

10,000 to 20,000 mcL

or

unless pt has Dysfunctional platelets

58
Q

what are causes of thromnoctopenia

A

bone marrow failure

medications

bone marrow malignancy

59
Q

what helps determine weather a deficiency is platelets issue rather than a coagulopathy

A

petchia

60
Q

what is Thrombocytosis

A

abnormal high amount of thrombocytes 450,000

61
Q

what are the two different types of thrombocytosis

A

reactive tthrombocytosis

Autonomus thrombocytosis

62
Q

what is a S/S of thrombocytosis

A

erthromelgia (see with painful burning of hands with erythemia)

63
Q

what is the treatment plan for thrombocytosis

A

refer to hemotology of there is no infectious cause or does not resolve in 2-4 weeks.

HEMA, LYMPH, IMMUNE (5 decks)

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