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Neurology > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF NERVOUS TISSUE > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF NERVOUS TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

CNS parts

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS parts

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Enteric Plexuses in small intestine
Sensory receptors in the skin

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3
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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4
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Monitor changes in the internal and external environment

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5
Q

Ganglia

A

Small masses of nervous tissue consisting of neuronal cell bodies that are located outside the brain and spinal cord

Example: Dorsal root
ganglion

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6
Q

Enteric Plexus

A

Extensive network of nerves that are located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract that help regulate the digestive system.

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7
Q

Sensory function (afferent)

A

Detect internal and external stimuli and Convey impulses into CNS

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8
Q

Integrative function:
(Information processing)

A

1) Perception = awareness of sensory input
2) Analyzing and storing information to help lead to appropriate responses

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9
Q

Motor function (Efferent)

A

Once integration occurs the brain may elicit motor response to muscles or glands (effectors) via cranial and spinal nerves

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10
Q

Neurons vs neuroglia

A

Neurons: Provide most of the unique functions of the nervous system

Neuroglia: Function to provide support, nourishment, and protection

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11
Q

Parts of a Neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminals

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12
Q

Parts of a Neuron
Axon terminals

A

Contain synaptic vesicles that can release neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Parts of a Neuron
Axon

A

Conducts away from cell body toward another neuron, muscle or gland

Emerges at cone-shaped axon hillock

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14
Q

Parts of a Neuron
Dendrites

A

Highly branched structures that carry impulses to the cell body

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15
Q

Parts of a Neuron
Cell body

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm with typical organelles

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16
Q

Structural Classes of Neurons
Multipolar

A

Have several or many dendrites and one axon
Most common type in brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

Structural Classes of Neurons
Bipolar

A

Have one dendrite and one axon
Example: In retina of eye and inner ear

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18
Q

Structural Classes of Neurons
Unipolar

A

1) Have fused dendrite and axon
2) Sensory neurons of spinal nerves

19
Q

Function of the neuroglia

A

-Support, nourish, and protect neurons
-Critical for homeostasis of interstitial fluid around neurons

20
Q

What makes up about half the volume of the CNS, supports nourishes and protects the neurons?

A

Neuroglia

21
Q

Do neuroglia generate nerve impulses

A

no

22
Q

In case of injury or disease, what can multiply to fill in space formerly occupied by neurons?

A

Neuroglia

23
Q

what type of Neuroglia form blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

24
Q

what type of Neuroglia produce myelin in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

25
Q

what type of Neuroglia protects CNS cells from disease

A

Microglia

26
Q

what type of Neuroglia form CSF in ventricles

A

Ependymal cells

27
Q

what type of Neuroglia produce myelin around PNS neurons

A

Schwann cells

28
Q

what type of Neuroglia support neurons in PNS ganglia

A

Satellite cells

29
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin along the axon

30
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of cell bodies in PNS

31
Q

Nucleus

A

Cluster of cell bodies in CNS

32
Q

what is a Bundle of axons in PNS

A

Nerve

33
Q

what is a Bundle of axons in CNS

A

Tract

34
Q

White matter is made up of?

A

Primarily myelinated axons

35
Q

Gray matter is made up of

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuroglia

36
Q

Regeneration of PNS neurons
Axons and dendrites in the PNS can be repaired if

A

cell body is intact and Schwann cells functional. if scar tissue does not fill the tube

37
Q

Regeneration of CNS neurons

A

Very limited even if cell body is intact

38
Q

Action potentials, or nerve impulses, allow for_____

A

communication between neurons

39
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

allow neurons to communicate with other neurons or effectors

40
Q

Components of synapse

A

Presynaptic neuron- sending
Synaptic cleft- Space between
Postsynaptic neuron- receiving

41
Q

These are examples of what?
Acetylcholine
Amino acids
Norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
Neuropeptides such as endorphins
Nitric oxide

A

Neurotransmitters

42
Q

what includes all the nervous tissue outside the central nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System

43
Q

What system Consists of the brain and spinal cord?
-Source of thoughts, emotions, and memories

A

Central Nervous System

44
Q

Peripheral Nervous System subdivisions
)

A

1) Somatic nervous system (SNS)
2) Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
3) Enteric nervous system (ENS

Neurology (20 decks)

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