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Neurology > MDT Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). > Flashcards

MDT Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Supply of the Brain what 3 types vessels?

A

(1) Internal Carotid Arteries
(2) Vertebral - Basilar Arteries
(3) Circle of Willis

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2
Q

What Supplies the majority of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere

A

Internal Carotid Arteries

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3
Q

Two major branches of internal carotid arteries

A

1) Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
2) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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4
Q

What supplies the Cerebellum and Brainstem

A

Vertebral - Basilar Arteries

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5
Q

What Interconnects the Internal Carotid and Vertebral Basilar Arteries

A

Circle of Willis

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6
Q

The _______ is the acute neurologic injury that occurs as the result of the interrupted
blood flow to the brain

A

“stroke”

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7
Q

What type of stroke?
Rupture of a blood vessel causing bleeding into the brain and lack of cerebral blood flow leading to ischemia

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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8
Q

What type of stroke?
Blockage of a blood vessel causing lack of cerebral blood flow leading to ischemia

A

Ischemic stroke

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9
Q

What TIA and CVA are subtypes of what type of stroke?

A

Ischemic stroke

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10
Q

80% of strokes are_____, 20% are ______

A

80% of strokes are ischemic, 20% are hemorrhagic

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11
Q

Ischemic strokes can convert to hemorrhagic if ______

A

given enough time

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12
Q

Can or Can not: distinguish between the two types of stroke based on clinical criteria

A

can not

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13
Q

The treatment for one type of stroke would be ______ if given for the other

A

catastrophic

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14
Q

Risk factors for stroke are

A

Risk factors are HTN, atherosclerosis and age

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15
Q

Pathophysiology of what type?
Poor blood flow to the brain that can lead to cell death and tissue necrosis

A

Ischemic Stroke

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16
Q

Ischemic Stroke
Obstruction of an artery due to a blockage that forms in the vessel
Often due to atherosclerosis

A

Thrombotic

17
Q

Ischemic Stroke
Obstruction of an artery due to a blockage from debris that has broken off from a distal area

A

Embolic

18
Q

Ischemic Stroke
Lack of brain blood flow to decreased systemic blood flow

A

Systemic hypoperfusion

19
Q

_______ is defined as a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction.

A

Transient ischemic attack

20
Q

________ or stroke is defined as neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia with infarction (tissue death) of central nervous system tissue.

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

21
Q

The only way to determine the difference between CVA and TIA is by ______

A

MRI

22
Q

True/False
You don’t have to treat both TIA and CVA the same

A

False
treat them the same, TIA has a high risk of becoming a CVA with infarction.

23
Q

TIA vs CVA
No acute infarction

A

TIA

24
Q

Stroke Clinical Manifestations
“FASTER” Mneumonic

A

-Face drooping or numbness on one side of the face
-Arms – one limb being weaker or more numb than the other
-Stability – steadiness on feet
-Talking – slurring, garbled, nonsensical words, inability to respond
normally
-Eyes – visual changes
-React – MEDEVAC immediately and note time of symptom onset

25
Q

Risk factors for what type of stroke?
(a) History of vascular disease
(b) Atrial fibrillation (not on meds)
(c) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
(d) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
(e) Recent myocardial infarction
(f) Atherosclerosis
(g) Clotting disorders

A

Ischemic stroke

26
Q

Two subtypes of hemorrhagic strokes

A

1) Intracerebral hemorrhage
2) Subarachnoid hemorrhage

27
Q

What subtype of hemorrhagic stroke?
bleeds directly into the brain tissue

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage

28
Q

What type of hemorrhagic stroke?
bleeds into the subarachnoid space

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

29
Q

Clinical manifestations of what?
(a) Depends on the site of bleed
(b) Intracerebral hemorrhage usually has gradual onset as blood builds
(c) SAH has maximal impact right away usually with intense “worse headache of my life” headache
(d) Headache, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness occurs in about half the patients
(e) Symptoms tend to worsen gradually overtime

A

Hemorrhagic Strokes or Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)

30
Q

Risk factors for what type?
(a) Hypertension
(b) Trauma
(c) Bleeding disorders
(d) Drug use (cocaine, methamphetamine)
(e) Vascular malformations(aneurysms)
1) Aneurysms are outpouchings and ballooning of artery due to weakness in the
vascular wall

A

Hemorrhagic Strokes or Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)

31
Q

What helps to differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Imaging

32
Q

what type of Imaging is used to differentiate types of stroke

A

-Non-contrast CT
-MRI

Neurology (20 decks)

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