STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
NAME the bones of the pelvic girdle and principle markings.
a. Two hip bones that are each composed of
(1) ______
- –(a) Largest, most superior
- -(b) Landmarks include:
- —-1) ASIS
- —-2) PSIS
(2) ______
- –(a) Lowest posterior part
- —-1) “Sit bone”
(3) ______
- –(a) Lower anterior portion
1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis
________ forms the socket for the head of the femur
Acetabulum
________ forms the socket for the head of the femur
Acetabulum
What is this
(1) Formed by articulation of the ischium and pubis
(2) Largest foramen in the body
Obturator foramen
What muscles?
Flexes and rotates thigh laterally
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
What muscle?
(1) Extends and rotates thigh laterally
(2) Helps lock knee in extension
Gluteus maximus
What muscle?
Abducts and rotates thigh medially
Gluteus medius
What muscle?
(1) Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
(2) Helps lock knee in extension
Tensor fascia latae
What muscle?
Adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at hip joint
Adductor longus
What muscle?
Adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends thigh at the hip joint
Adductor magnus
What muscle?
External rotation of thigh laterally and abducts
Piriformis
What muscle?
Flexes and adducts thigh
Pectineus
What bone?
(1) Very large and heavy. Strongest bone in the body.
(2) Head articulates with the acetabulum
(3) Articulates with the patella and tibia at distal end
Femur
What part of the Femur
Projection from femur at the side of the hip
Greater trochanter
What bone?
(1) Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
(2) Functions to:
- -(a) Provides leverage for the quadriceps muscle
- -(b) Protect the knee
Patella
What bone
Larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg
-Forms medial malleolus at the distal end
Tibia
What part of the tibia
Attachment site for the patella ligament
Tibial tuberosity
What bone
(1) None weight bearing bone lateral to the tibia
(2) Attaches to the tibia via the interosseous membrane
(3) Forms lateral malleolus at the distal end
Fibula
What ligament
(1) Extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity
(2) Strengthens anterior surface of the knee
Patellar ligament
What Ligament?
Strengthens the medial aspect of the knee
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
What Ligament?
Strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
What Ligament?
(1) Extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to femur
(2) Limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
What Ligament?
(1) Extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur
(2) Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
______ are fibrocartilage discs that fit between tibial and femoral condyles
Menisci
What are the Sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction
Bursae
What are the Bursae in the knee
Prepatellar
Pen anserine
Infrapatellar
Suprapatellar
What leg muscles
Adduct the femur
Adductor magnus / adductor longus / pectineus
What leg muscle
(1) Extends the knee
(2) Flexes the hip
(a) Located anterior to other quadriceps muscles
Rectus femoris
What leg muscles
Extend the knee
Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
What leg muscle
1) Flexes the knee
(2) Weakly flexes the hip
(3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Sartorius
What leg muscle
(1) Adducts and medially rotates thigh
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Gracilis
What leg muscle
(1) Flexes the knee
(2) Weakly flexes the hip
(3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Sartorius
What leg muscle
(1) Extends thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes the leg at the knee joint
Biceps femoris (hamstrings)
What leg muscles
(1) Extends the thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
What structure?
(1) Formed by distal end of tibia and fibula
(2) Tibia forms the medial malleolus
(3) Fibula forms the lateral malleolus
Ankle mortis
What are the bones of the ankle (tarsals)
(1) Large talus (ankle bone)
(2) Calcaneus (heel bone)
(3) Cuboid (lateral)
(4) Navicular (medial)
(5) Cuneiforms (numbered 1-3 medial to lateral)
ligaments of the ankle.
Extends from talus to fibula
Anterior talofibular ligament
ligaments of the ankle.
Extends from calcaneus to fibula
Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
ligaments of the ankle
Extends from talus to fibula
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
Deltoid ligaments
(a) _____ ligaments fused into one
(b) Connects the _____ to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones
a) Four
b) tibia
muscles that move the foot
Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
Tibialis anterior
muscles that move the foot
(1) Dorsiflexes and everts the foot
(2) Extends toes
Extensor digitorum longus
muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes and everts foot
Fibularis longus
muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Gastrocneumius
muscles that move the foot
Plantarflexes foot
Soleus
muscles that move the foot
Plantarflexes and inverts foot
Tibialis posterior
muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes toes
Flexor digitorum longus
