STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
DEFINE the functions of the skeletal system
Support Protection Movement Blood Cell Production Triglyceride Storage
What type of bone?
Almost cube shaped
(a) Most wrist and ankle bones
Short bones
What type of bone?
Longer than wide
(a) Such as thigh, leg, arm, fingers, toes
Long bones
What type of bone?
Thin and extensive surface
(a) Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
Flat bones
What type of bone?
Do not fit in the regular categories
(a) Vertebrae, facial bones
Irregular bones
Parts of a long bone:
The shaft
Diaphysis
Parts of a long bone:
Ends of the long bone
Epiphyses
Parts of a long bone:
Contains the “growth plate” (epiphyseal plate)
Located between the shaft and end of bone
Metaphyses
What type of cell
bone building cells
Osteoblasts
What type of cell
- Maintain bone
- Exchange nutrients and waste with the blood
- These are osteoblasts encased in matrix they build
Osteocytes
What type of cell
Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover
Osteoclasts
Points of contact between bones
Joints
There are multiple types of joints throughout the body
Based on what is between the bones such as
1) Presence or absence of space
2) Type of connective tissue that is present between the bones
Types of Joints
No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue
Fibrous joints
Types of Joints
No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage
Cartilaginous joints
Types of Joints
Have synovial cavity and many other components such as
ligaments
Synovial joints
Examples of fibrous joints:
Located in the skull between bones of the skull
Sutures
Examples of fibrous joints:
Dense irregular tissue between long bones
(1 Radius-ulna
(2 Tibia-fibula
Interosseous membrane
Structure of Synovial Joints:
Space containing fluid
Synovial cavity
Structure of Synovial Joints:
reduces friction between bones
Articular cartilage (menisci)
Structure of Synovial Joints:
Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly
Articular discs (menisci)
Structure of Synovial Joints:
a) Sacs that contain synovial fluid
b) Located where friction can occur- decrease friction
Bursae
Type of Synovial Joints:
1) Convex to concave surfaces
a) Allow flexion and extension only
Hinge joints
Structure of Synovial Joints:
lie outside and inside the articular capsule
a) Ex. Outside the capsule fibular and tibia collateral ligaments of the knee
b) Ex. Inside the capsule anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee
Accessory ligaments
DESCRIBE the functions of ligaments.
a. Composed of ________ tissue
b. Found throughout the skeletal system
c. Function to connect ____ to _____
d. Ligaments are commonly injured by _____ or _______ of ligaments.
a. connective
c. bone to bone
d .spraining or tearing
DESCRIBE the function of tendons.
a. Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
b. Function to connect ____ to _____
(1) Skeletal muscle contracts and moves _____ via tendons
(2) Very dense and more capable of withstanding tension.
b. muscle to bone
(1) bones
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Flexion
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Increase in angle between articulating bones
Extension
specific movements in the anatomical plane
Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane
Hyperextension
specific movements in the anatomical plane
Movement of bone away from the midline
Abduction
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of bone toward the midline
Adduction
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of distal end in a circle
Circumduction
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Rotation
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of the soles of the foot medially
Inversion
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of the soles of the foot laterally
Eversion
specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)
Dorsiflexion
specific movements in the anatomical plane
Bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)
Plantarflexion
Different types of muscular tissue in the body
(a) Mostly movement of bones/body parts
(b) Stabilize body positions
Skeletal muscle
Different types of muscular tissue in the body
(a) Heart only
(b) Develops pressure for blood flow
Cardiac muscle
Different types of muscular tissue in the body
Largely located in GI tract
Smooth muscle
Together the muscle systems have four major functions:
(1) Produce body movements
(2) Stabilize body positions
(3) Store and move substances
(4) Produce heat
function of what? Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement. (1) Between the skin and bone (2) Between tendons and bones (3) Between muscles and bones (4) Between ligaments and bones
bursa
the function of what?
a. Covers ends of bones
b. Absorbs shock
c. Reduces friction
cartilage
