Stroke Neuro Conditions Flashcards
intracerebral hemorrage causes
most common is trauma, non-traumatic is hypertension or cerebral amyloid angiopathy
subarachnoid hemorrage causes…
most common is trauma, non-traumatic are ruptured aneurysm
types of hemorrhagic stroke
(collection of blood) epidural (EDH), subdural (SDH), subarachnoid (SAH), intracerebral (ICH)
types of ischemic stroke
large vessel= thrombotic or emobolic small vessel (lacunar)
Thrombotic ischemic stroke causes
local obstruction, atheroscelrosis, dissection, hypercoaguable conditions
embolic ischemic stroke causes…
traveling clost of devris = blood blot (a-fib, disseciotn, valvular vegetation), ruptured atheroscelrotic plaque
small vessel ischemic stroke causes
HTN, DM, cholesterol, smoking, age
basal ganglia, internal capsule, pons
anterior circulation of the brain
supplied by the internal carotid artery – anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
What are effects of anterior cerebral artery syndrome?
contralateral hemiplegia and hemianesthesis, LE more involved than UE
profund abulia, delay in motor and verbal response
apathey
incontinence
apraxia
impaired judgment
What are the effects of middle cerebral artery syndrome?
within 10-12 hours
contralateral hemiplegia UE more invoolved
contralateral hemianesthesis
if R hemisphere more affected= L homonymous hemianopsia, decreased spatial awareness, neglect syndromes
if L hemisphere affected= R homonymous hemianopsia, Wernicke’s or Broca’s aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
motor, expressive, anterior, or non.-fluent aphasia
results from damage to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus and
few words and difficulty with language production
comprehnesion intact
Wernicke’s Aphasia
sensor, receptive, posterior, or fluent aphasia
characteriized by deficit in language comprehension with relatively fluent but error filled production
Global Aphasia
includes broca’s and wernicke’s
characterized by impairments in language production and comprehension
hemianopia
visual deficit of one-half of the visual field
hemianesthesia
loss of tactile senses on one side of the body
What makes up the posterior circulation supply?
supplied by the vertebral arteries
basilar artery
posterior cererbral arteries (PCA)
What are the effects of posterior cerebral artery syndrome
contralateral homonymous emianopia,
hemisensory loss (due to infarction)
cortical blidness
proximal occulsiosn affects: subthalamus, medial thalamus, ispislateral cerebral puducle and midbrain
signs include thalamix syndrome, abnormal sensation of pain, temp, proprioception, and touch
sensations may be exaggerated, light pressure may be interpreted as pain
what happens in basilar artery is occluded?
brainstem symptoms are bilateral corticospinal tracrs corticobulbar tracts - CN 3-12 medial and superior cerebellar peducles spinothalamic tracts
can have corssed symptoms– isps face and contralateral body
locked in syndrome– preserved blink and vertical eye movement
What happens with a lacunar stroke syndrome>
posterior limb of internal capsule= pure motor deficit
anterior limb= weakness of face and dysarthria
posterolateral thalamus= pure sensory stroke
pons= ataxia, clumsiness, weakness
dysarthria
weakness in the muscles used for speech= slurred or slow speech – motor speech disorder
symptoms of a cerebellar stroke?
gait unsteadiness, ataxia, vertigo, nausea/vomiting may be the first sign
How many stages are there in the Brunnstrom stages of recovery?
6
Describe stage 1 of Brunnstrom
no voluntray movement, areflexia, flaccidity
Describe stage 2 of Brunnstrom
minimal voluntary movement with primitive synergies
DTRS begin to appear, and spasticity begins
