stroke MS Flashcards
1
Q
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
A
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, including the white and gray matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve.
- The immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin that surrounds and protects nerves, leading to damage and the formation of lesions and plaques.
- This disrupts the ability to conduct electrical impulses, causing messages to slow down, become distorted, or fail to transmit.
2
Q
Types of MS
A
- There are several types of MS, including relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive.
- The pathophysiology of each type differs and will be further clarified when case-specific information is available.
3
Q
Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)
A
- Most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases.
- Characterized by relapses that evolve over days to weeks, followed by periods of remission.
- During remissions, symptoms may disappear, or some may become permanent.
- No worsening of neurological function between attacks.
4
Q
Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)
A
- Often follows a progression from RRMS.
- Initially characterized by relapses, but eventually followed by a steady neurological decline.
- Disability and neurological function worsen after each relapse.
5
Q
Epidemiology of MS
A
- There is a 3:1 female to male ratio of MS diagnoses.
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with MS risk.
- Smoking increases susceptibility to infection and MS progression.
- The average age of onset is between 20 and 40 years old.
