movement deviations

Question 1

Elbow fixed in flexion and internal rotation

Answer 1

normally

• Elbow extension is used to reach forewords
• Elbow extension is used to push up out of a chair

Question 2

Fixed flexion of wrist and fingers

Answer 2

• Normally when using a wide grip or a power grip wrist is in extension
• Normally open hand in extension then flex fingers and opposition of the thumb to grab

Question 3

Unable to forward flex shoulder - compensated by shoulder abduction and trunk lateral flexion to clear the table

Answer 3

During reaching the shoulder goes into forward flexion in a sagittal plane

Question 4

Reduced fine motor skills - lack of opposition

Answer 4

Normally thumb, index and middle finger to pinch thumb in opposition

Question 5

Hip abduction circumduction knee extension - pelvis hip hitch
Vaulting to clear foot
Plantarflexes other foot to increase height

Answer 5

• Hip flexion - initial contact 16-20°
• Hip extension – heel off & toe off 10-20°
• Hip flexion – mid/late swing 30°
• Knee flexion – toe off 30°, early swing 60°
• Hip flexion of 90° during sit of sit to stand

Question 6

No rhythmical movement of arms - lack of coordination - opposite arm to leg

Answer 6

Move opposite arm to leg as walking
Coordinated movement

Question 7

No heel strike - reduced dorsiflexion flat foot
Stance phase- Foot slap
Swing phase - toe drag or tripping

Answer 7

• Normal movement in the gait cycle has dorsiflexion to cause heel strike
• Plantarflexion – toe off 20*
• Dorsiflexion – midstance 5°
• Dorsiflexion - heelstrike 25°

Question 8

Increased walking base of support- placing legs Infront but slightly abducted with each step

Answer 8

Normal walking base 5-10cms

Question 9

Reduced stride length

Answer 9

Normal
Male 1.5m
Female 1.3

Question 10

Reduced knee flexion

Answer 10

Pre swing phase of gait cycle - knee flexes to 30°
Sit to stand - typically see around 90° of knee flexion when in sitting and equal weight bearing