Parkinsons physio Flashcards
What is Parkinson’s disease?
A progressive neurological disorder caused by a loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra, leading to reduced dopamine levels in the brain.
Dopamine is vital for regulating body movement.
What are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
- Bradykinesia (slow movement)
- Resting tremor
- Involuntary movements (dyskinesias)
- Rigidity
- Trouble walking
- Postural instability
- Painful uncontrolled muscle contractions (dystonias)
These symptoms significantly impact daily functioning.
List non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease.
- Cognitive impairment
- Mental health disorders
- Dementia
- Sleep disorders
- Pain
- Loss of sense of smell
- Sweating and melanoma
- Gastrointestinal issues
Non-motor symptoms can be as debilitating as motor symptoms.
What are primary impairments in Parkinson’s disease according to the ICF?
- Musculoskeletal system
- Pain
- Sensory functions
- Mental functions
- Digestive tract
- Uro-genital functions
- Sleeping functions
These impairments affect overall health and quality of life.
What are secondary impairments in Parkinson’s disease?
- Musculoskeletal system
- Cardiovascular system (CVS)
- Respiratory system
- Pain
- Mental functions
- Digestive tract
- Uro-genital functions
- Sleeping functions
Secondary impairments can arise from primary impairments and complicate the disease management.
What activity limitations are common in Parkinson’s disease?
- Mobility transfers
- Changing body position
- Maintaining body position
- Reaching and grasping
- Gait
- Household activities
These limitations affect daily living and independence.
What participation restrictions might individuals with Parkinson’s face?
- Interpersonal interactions
- Education, work, and employment
- Self-care and domestic life
- Community, social, and civic life
Social participation can be significantly impacted by the disease.
What external factors can influence Parkinson’s disease management?
- Attitudes
- Support and relationships
- Accommodation
- Education
- Work and employment
These factors can affect treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Identify personal factors that may affect individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
- Age
- Socio-cultural background
- Habits in exercising
- Attitude
- Coping strategies
Personal factors can influence disease progression and management.
What are common medical management strategies for Parkinson’s disease?
- Drug treatment
- Surgery (deep brain stimulation)
- Input from multidisciplinary teams (MDT)
- Self-management strategies
Comprehensive management approaches are essential for improving patient outcomes.
What are the barriers to self-management in Parkinson’s disease?
- Access to information
- Societal attitudes and stigma
- Identity
- Self-efficacy
- Self-esteem
Addressing these barriers is crucial for effective self-management.
True or False: Postural instability in Parkinson’s disease is responsive to drug treatments.
False
Postural instability is largely resistant to drug treatments, leading to increased risk of falls.
What is cueing in the context of Parkinson’s disease?
The use of external stimuli (auditory, visual, proprioceptive, cognitive) to facilitate movement and improve gait.
Cueing helps bypass the basal ganglia by providing sensory information directly to the motor cortex.
Name the types of cueing used in Parkinson’s disease.
- Auditory
- Visual
- Proprioceptive
- Cognitive
Each type of cueing has specific applications to enhance movement.
What benefits does auditory cueing provide for Parkinson’s patients?
- Improves cadence
- Enhances gait speed
- Improves rhythmicity
Auditory cues can significantly enhance walking performance.
Fill in the blank: Visual cues help break _______ episodes in Parkinson’s disease.
freezing
Breaking freezing episodes is crucial for improving mobility.
What impact does music have on movement in individuals with Parkinson’s disease?
- Compensates for basal ganglia impairments
- Enhances functional neural connectivity
- Improves movement synchronization
- Promotes balance and coordination
Music and rhythmic auditory cues can lead to improved motor function.
How does exercise affect quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease?
- Improves mobility
- Enhances quality of life
- Reduces risk of developing Parkinson’s in midlife
Regular physical activity is crucial for managing symptoms.
What are the core principles of physiotherapy treatment for Parkinson’s disease?
- Specificity/Purposeful
- High Effort
- Frequency
- Power (Amplitude, Speed, Accuracy)
- Complexity
- Meaningful
- Fun
These principles guide effective physiotherapy interventions.
