Stroke and TIA Flashcards
When we think about strokes which mnemonic comes to mind
FAST
What does the mnemonic FAST stand for
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
What dow e need to consider if a patient has had a stroke
- Patients may need a bit more help if disability profound
- Drugs used after having a stroke can affect oral mucosa
- Issue of capacity and informed consent is crucial
What is a stroke
A sudden onset of facial neurological symptoms of a presumed vascular aetiology lasting more than 24 hours
What is a TIA
They are by definition transient and an ischaemic attack
Which organ get damaged following TIA or Stroke
Death of Brian tissue results
What are most strokes caused by
80% ischaemic in origin
20% Haemorrhagic in origin
Why do ischaemic strokes happen
Due to underlying cardiovascular disease
What categories do risk factors fall into
- Modifiable
2. Non modifiable
List some non modifiable risk factors for stroke
- Age
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Family history of heart disease
- History of heart disease
- PFO (hole in heart)
- Type 1 diabetes
- Atrial fibrillation
List some modifiable risk factors for stroke
- High blood pressure e
- High blood cholesterol
- Type 2 diabetes
- Being overweight
- Alcohol consumption
- Smoking
- Drug use
- Sedentary lifestyle
Give some long term clinical features of a stroke
- Limb weakness
- Facial paralysis
- Speech disturbances
- Visual defects
- Bowel and bladder dysfunction
- Neuropathic pain
- Swallowing difficulties
- Cognitive difficulties
- Communication difficulties
- Inability to write
- Mobility issues
- Inability to maintain self-care
- Mood disturbances
Talk through the treatment of the acute phase of a stroke
- Medical emergency where time is crustal
- Thrombolysis to bust clots
- Supportive care
- Thrombectomy, craniotomy, shunt placement
- Rehabilitation
What os the post treatment plan of a stroke dependant on
If it was of:
- Ischaemic aetiology
- Heamorrhagic aetiology
Talk though the post treatment of a stroke of ischaemic aetiology
- Lifestyle modifications
- Anti-platelet drugs
- Anticoagulants
- Carotid enderterctomy
- Rehab, continence care, nursing home support,
- Psychological support