Stroke Flashcards
In Canada a stroke occurs every how often?
10 mins
How many Canadians are currently living with the effects of stroke?
315,000
What is a Cerebrovascular Accident?
Stroke
- Sudden & convulsive onset of a focal neurologic deficit
- Syndrome that results from vascular disease of the brain
what happens to blood vessels during stroke?
Blood flow is disrupted temporarily then neurons die due to oxygen death
What % of strokes that result in death within 30 days?
30%
Arterial blood supply to brain?
2 main arteries supply front & middle of brain
- Carotid supplies front & middle of brain
- ACA (anterior cerebral artery)
- MCA (medial cerebral artery)
- PCA = brainstem & posterior)
Circle of Willis?
The communicatory artery that helps join the ACA and MCA together
If stroke 2 days ago what are his signs & symptoms?
Vision loss - Posterior Cerebral Artery (occipital lobe)
Loss of balance & coordination - Posterior Cerebral Artery (cerebellum)
U/E & L/E weakness - both Anterior & Middle Cerebral Artery (frontal lobe)
What factors may cause stroke?
High BP (hypertension) High stress Smoker Diabetic (high blood sugar) Alcoholic High cholesterol (bad LDL/athlesclerosis) Genetics Age (older) Lack of exercise Gender (male) Ethnicity (first nations, Asian, African) Diet (high fat & sodium)
Atrial Fibrillation?
Risk factor
Irregular heart beat
- heart is quivering rapidly (fibrillation), instead of normal & synchronized
- causes blood to pool in atria which clots
Reduced blood = tissue death = ischemic stroke
What % of people who have recovered from a stroke will have another within 5 years?
25%
due to not changing lifestyle/risk factors
- blood vessels stay the same & progressively worsen = develop a clot
Need to control with meds
3 types of stroke?
- TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK:
Mini stroke - temporary lack of blood flow
**2. ISCHEMIC:
Lack of blood flow
**3. HEMORRHAGIC:
Bleeding
Transient Ischemic Attack?
Temporary
- usually goes away within 24hrs
A warning for immediate action
If no treatment 80% have another & 1/3 have a major stroke within 5 yrs
To be classified as a stroke, the focal neurological deficit must be present at least 24 hours and take longer than 3 weeks to resolve?
TRUE!!!!
if less it’s a TIA
The 5 signs of stroke?
WEAKNESS
TROUBLE SPEAKING
VISION PROBLEMS
HEADACHE
DIZZINESS
Most common type of stroke?
Ischemic stroke
80-85%
- Blood vessel is occluded
- Loss of blood flow
- Is Thrombotic or Embolic
Cerebral infarction?
Brain tissue deprived of oxygen and glucose
Brain edema?
Water moves from blood to surrounding tissue
Within minutes, lasting 3-4 days
Ischemic Prenumbra?
Mild to moderately ischemic due to other areas coming in giving it blood flow
Thrombotic Strokes?
Due to atherosclerosis
Plaque develops at bifurcations and curvatures
Most common in: internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Platelets produce clots around plaque
Embolic Strokes?
Travelling clot in bloodstream, lodges in a vessel and obstructs blood flow
The most common types of cerebral emboli are cardiogenic (heart origin) in nature
Fragments from a thrombus become dislodged and enter cerebral circulation
Middle cerebral artery most commonly involved
How long before irreversible ISCHEMIC damage occurs?
If blood flow to ischemic area is restored in 1 - 3 hrs
Need to get treatment right away!!!!
What percentage of strokes are Hemorrhagic?
20%
2 Types of Hemorrhagic Stroke?
- SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE:
Uncontrolled bleeding on brain surface, in area between the brain and the skull. - INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE:
Occurs when an artery deep in the brain ruptures
