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Neurological Pathologies (Kristy) > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

In Canada a stroke occurs every how often?

A

10 mins

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2
Q

How many Canadians are currently living with the effects of stroke?

A

315,000

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3
Q

What is a Cerebrovascular Accident?

A

Stroke

  • Sudden & convulsive onset of a focal neurologic deficit
  • Syndrome that results from vascular disease of the brain
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4
Q

what happens to blood vessels during stroke?

A

Blood flow is disrupted temporarily then neurons die due to oxygen death

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5
Q

What % of strokes that result in death within 30 days?

A

30%

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6
Q

Arterial blood supply to brain?

A

2 main arteries supply front & middle of brain
- Carotid supplies front & middle of brain

  • ACA (anterior cerebral artery)
  • MCA (medial cerebral artery)
  • PCA = brainstem & posterior)
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7
Q

Circle of Willis?

A

The communicatory artery that helps join the ACA and MCA together

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8
Q

If stroke 2 days ago what are his signs & symptoms?

A

Vision loss - Posterior Cerebral Artery (occipital lobe)
Loss of balance & coordination - Posterior Cerebral Artery (cerebellum)
U/E & L/E weakness - both Anterior & Middle Cerebral Artery (frontal lobe)

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9
Q

What factors may cause stroke?

A 
High BP (hypertension)
High stress
Smoker
Diabetic (high blood sugar)
Alcoholic
High cholesterol (bad LDL/athlesclerosis)
Genetics
Age (older)
Lack of exercise
Gender (male)
Ethnicity (first nations, Asian, African)
Diet (high fat & sodium)
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10
Q

Atrial Fibrillation?

A

Risk factor

Irregular heart beat
- heart is quivering rapidly (fibrillation), instead of normal & synchronized

  • causes blood to pool in atria which clots

Reduced blood = tissue death = ischemic stroke

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11
Q

What % of people who have recovered from a stroke will have another within 5 years?

A

25%

due to not changing lifestyle/risk factors
- blood vessels stay the same & progressively worsen = develop a clot

Need to control with meds

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12
Q

3 types of stroke?

A
  1. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK:
    Mini stroke - temporary lack of blood flow

**2. ISCHEMIC:
Lack of blood flow

**3. HEMORRHAGIC:
Bleeding

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13
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack?

A

Temporary
- usually goes away within 24hrs

A warning for immediate action

If no treatment 80% have another & 1/3 have a major stroke within 5 yrs

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14
Q

To be classified as a stroke, the focal neurological deficit must be present at least 24 hours and take longer than 3 weeks to resolve?

A

TRUE!!!!

if less it’s a TIA

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15
Q

The 5 signs of stroke?

A

WEAKNESS

TROUBLE SPEAKING

VISION PROBLEMS

HEADACHE

DIZZINESS

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16
Q

Most common type of stroke?

A

Ischemic stroke
80-85%
- Blood vessel is occluded
- Loss of blood flow

  • Is Thrombotic or Embolic
17
Q

Cerebral infarction?

A

Brain tissue deprived of oxygen and glucose

18
Q

Brain edema?

A

Water moves from blood to surrounding tissue

Within minutes, lasting 3-4 days

19
Q

Ischemic Prenumbra?

A

Mild to moderately ischemic due to other areas coming in giving it blood flow

20
Q

Thrombotic Strokes?

A

Due to atherosclerosis

Plaque develops at bifurcations and curvatures

Most common in: internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Platelets produce clots around plaque

21
Q

Embolic Strokes?

A

Travelling clot in bloodstream, lodges in a vessel and obstructs blood flow

The most common types of cerebral emboli are cardiogenic (heart origin) in nature

Fragments from a thrombus become dislodged and enter cerebral circulation

Middle cerebral artery most commonly involved

22
Q

How long before irreversible ISCHEMIC damage occurs?

A

If blood flow to ischemic area is restored in 1 - 3 hrs

Need to get treatment right away!!!!

23
Q

What percentage of strokes are Hemorrhagic?

A

20%

24
Q

2 Types of Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A
  1. SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE:
    Uncontrolled bleeding on brain surface, in area between the brain and the skull.
  2. INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE:
    Occurs when an artery deep in the brain ruptures
25
Q

Why higher death rate with Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A

If severe blood can move into different spaces & prognosis is not as good

26
Q

Intracerebral vs Subarachnoid?

A

Intracerebral = non-traumatic rupture

Subarachnoid = Seen with head injury/trauma & more likely to bleed more & spinal fluid obstructed

27
Q

Stroke costs the Canadian economy how much money per year?

A

3.6 Billion Dollars

28
Q

Brain Hemisphere Specialization?

A

LEFT SIDE:
Language (spoken and written), math ability, logical problem solving, scientific skills, reasoning

RIGHT SIDE:
Spatial orientation, visual perceptual skills, spatial analysis, artistic awareness, ability recognize faces and musical ability, insight, imagination, interpreting information from the environment and own body

29
Q

Hemiplegia?

A

Total or severe loss of voluntary muscle contraction (unilateral)

30
Q

Hemiparesis?

A

Mild or partial loss of voluntary muscle contraction (unilateral)

31
Q

Aphasia?

A

Disturbance of the comprehension and expression of language

  • One of the most severe types of communication disorders
  • Our speaker has this
  • Impaired both with incoming & outgoing speech (understanding & speaking)
32
Q

Apraxia?

A

Impairment of the capacity to plan and execute movement, despite having the physical ability to do so

33
Q

Agnosia?

A

Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss

34
Q

Broca’s?

A

Difficulty expressing

  • Very effortful
  • Broken up
  • Can read/comprehend but can’t write

They know they don’t make sense

35
Q

Werneke’s?

A

Problem understanding AND processing words

  • Can speak fluently but have trouble making a proper sentence
  • Non-sensicle at times

Usually not aware they have this dysfunction

36
Q

Hypotonia?

A

Decrease in muscle tone
- Info not coming to the muscles

  • Replaced by progressive increased tone
  • Excitation of motor neurons
37
Q

Hypertonia?

A

Increased muscle tone
- We don’t get the inhibition & is on all the time

  • Disruption of motor neuron inhibitory influence
  • Spasticity, clonus, rigidity

Neurological Pathologies (Kristy) (8 decks)

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