Stroke Flashcards
Classification of stroke x3
Hemorrhagic
Venous
Arterial- neonatal and childhood
Focal manifestations of stoke x4
Speaking difficulties
Limb weakness
Facial asymmetry
Ataxia
Non focal manifestations of stroke x5
Seizures
Vomiting
Headache
Coma
Fever
Etiology of childhood stroke x5
Cardiac conditions
Infectious conditions
Vascular conditions
Hematological conditions
Oncological
Dissections
Stoke prevention methods in SCD x3
Hydroxyurea
Chelation therapy
Exchange transfusion
How does hydroxyurea prevent stoke in SCD
Increase fetal hemoglobin>
reduced sickling> decreased vaso-occlusive crisis
Non pharmacological management of stroke x5
Rehab
Physio
Speech therapy
Occupational therapy
Surgery for ASD/PFO
Acute complications of stoke x5
Chronic complications of stroke x5
Depression
Cardiac causes of stoke x5
Infectious endocarditis
Structural heart diseases
Cardiomyopathies
Rheumatic
Valvular
Environmental risk factors of pediatric stoke x3
Gender
Race
Dehydration
Antiphospholipid
Pharmacological management of stroke x3
Thrombolytics eg tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) to break down clot
Anticoagulants to prevent clot formation
Antiplatelet drugs eg aspirin
Acute stroke management x2
IV tPA ie tissue plasminogen activator
Mechanical thrombectomy
Prothrombotic states that cam cause stroke x4
Antiphospholipid antibodies
Increased thrombi levels
Deficiency of protein c, factor II, antithrombin
Pathophysiology of moya moya disease in stroke presentation
- Ischemia due to stenosis of intracerebral arteries
- Hemorrhage from collaterals formed around blocked arteries
Risk factors for dissections (5) and how they cause stroke
Trauma, sports, coughing, sneezing and arteriopathies
They cause intracranial hematomas and thromboembolism resulting in impaired cerebral blood flow
Infections at risk of causing a stroke and the pathophysiology
HIV, Syphilis, VZV, HSV meningitis and encephalitis
They causes focal cerebral arteriopathy, vasculitis and in situ thrombosis which results in ischemia
Ideal imaging investigation for stroke
Non contrast head CT to visualize the hemorrhage properly
Complications of transfusion x3
Hyperviscosity
Alloimmunization
Hemolytic transfusion reaction
Fetal risk factors of stroke x5
Thrombophilia
Perinatal asphyxia
Hypoglycemia and polycythemia
Twin to twin transfusion syndrome
Maternal risk factors of stroke x5
Preeclampsia
Infections
Hypercoagulable state of pregnancy
Infertility and fertility treatment
Complications during delivery
Approaches used in transcranial doppler (2) and the vessels they target (5)
Temporal approach- MCA, ACA, PCA
Transforaminal approach- vertebral and basilar artery
Which antiepileptic drug causes acquired protein c deficiency
Valproic acid
