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Paediatrics V > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Define convulsions, seizure and epilepsy

A

Convulsions- involuntary muscle jerking
Seizures- abnormal changes in muscle tone and movements causes by abnormal electrical conductivity in the brain
Epilepsy- chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

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2
Q

Hallmark of epilepsy

A

Abnormal electrical conductivity of neurons

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3
Q

Classification of seizures x4

A

Partial and generalized
Simple and complex

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4
Q

Characteristics of frontal, occipital and parietal seizures

A

Frontal - Motor phenomena
Occipital- visual hallucinations
Parietal- contralateral altered sensation

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5
Q

Characteristic of temporal seizures x3

A

Lip smacking
Plucking of clothes
Sensory and auditory phenomena (aura)

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6
Q

Define status epilepticus

A

Seizure >5min or continuous seizures for more than 30min without return to baseline

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7
Q

Name generalized seizure types x5

A

Absence
Atonic
Tonic
Myoclonic
Tonic clonic

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8
Q

Brain imaging for seizures x4

A

CT, MRI
PET- positron emission tomography
SPECT- Single photon emission computed tomography

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9
Q

Indications for metabolic investigation of seizures x3

A

If <2yrs of age
If associated with fasting/food
If developmental arrest or regression

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10
Q

What determines antiepileptic therapy x5

A

Type of seizure
Type of epilepsy
Frequency
Age and gender of patient
Social and educational consequences

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11
Q

Carbamazepine worsens which type of seizures x3

A

Absence seizures
Myoclonic seizures
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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12
Q

Example of rescue therapy and to whom it is given

A

Buccal midazolam
Given to children with prolonged epileptic seizures with LOC > 5min

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13
Q

First line treatment for tonic clonic seizures x3

A

Sodium valproate
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine

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14
Q

First line treatment for focal seizures x4

A

Carbamazepine
Valproate
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam

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15
Q

Describe provoked and unprovoked seizures

A

Unprovoked- no clear cause, associated with epilepsy
Provoked- identifiable cause

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16
Q

Treatment of absence seizures x3

A

Valproate
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine
**NO carbamazepine

17
Q

Side effects of carbamazepine x2

A

Aplastic anemia
Agranulocytosis

18
Q

Side effects of valproate x3

A

Teratogenic
PCOS
Acquired protein C deficiency > prothomboplastic state

19
Q

Types of infantile spasms x3

20
Q

Etiology of infantile spasms

21
Q

Management of infantile spasms x2

A

Prednisolone
Vigabatrin

22
Q

Areas in the brain responsible for consciousness x2

A

A functional cerebral hemisphere
Reticular activating system in midbrain

23
Q

Characteristics of a complex partial seizure x3

A

Preictal - aura
Ictal- automatism
Postictal- confusion and drowsiness

24
Q

Example of a simple partial seizure

A

BRES -Benign Rolandic Epilepsy in children

25
Non pharmacological management of seizures x3
Ketogenic diet Vagal nerve stimulation Surgical resection of structural cause
26

Paediatrics V (11 decks)

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