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Neuro MSK > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is ischemia?

A

decreased blood flow
reversible

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2
Q

what is infarction?

A

death of tissue due to lack of blood flow

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3
Q

a stroke results in a change in mental function for over ____ hours and evidence of ___ on imaging

A

24 hours
cerebral ischemia

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4
Q

T/F: there is evidence of ischemia/acute infarction on MRI after a TIA

A

F

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5
Q

how long does a TIA last?

A

usually <1 hours (15-20 mins)
can be up to <24 hours

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6
Q

after ____ hours of a TIA, there will be permanent damage

A

3

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7
Q

when is the risk of stroke highest after a TIA?

A

1st 30 days

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8
Q

what is the ABCD2 used for?

A

assess the risk of a stroke in the next 2 days after a TIA

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9
Q

components of the ABCD2

A

Age ≥ 60
Blood pressure ≥140 SBP or ≥90 DBP
Clinical features unilateral weakness or speech impairment w/o weakness
Duration: ≥ 60 mins (2 pts), 10-59 mins (1)
Diabetes

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10
Q

ABCD2 score:
high risk
moderate
low

A

high risk = 6-7
moderate = 4-5
low = 0-3

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11
Q

T/F: a sudden loss of consciousness should not happen during a stroke

A

T

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12
Q

what pattern of numbness is not indicative of a stroke?

A

both feet
one hand or one foot

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13
Q

stroke is the ___ leading cause of death in US and ____ globally

A

5th US
2nd global

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14
Q

what is one of the leading causes of serious disability in the US?

A

stroke

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15
Q

what is the most common ischemic stroke subtype?

A

undetermined etiology

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16
Q

how does paralysis of conjugate gaze present in an MCA stroke?

A

look towards lesion (away from weak side)

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17
Q

anterior MCA supplies _____’s area
posterior MCA supplies ____’s area

A

anterior = Broca’s
posterior = Wernicke’s

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18
Q

ACA stroke sx

A

LE hemiparesis & hemisensory loss
if bilateral = incontinence
slowness, lack of spontaneity
akinetic mutism (lack motivation)

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19
Q

what does an MCA stroke effect more?

A

UE and face
language areas

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20
Q

PCA stroke sx

A

cortical blindness
some contra sensory loss
inability to read

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21
Q

what is the most common cause of cardioembolic infarction?

A

atrial fibrillation

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22
Q

what are lacunar infarcts?

A

small infarcts of small penetrating vessels of the putamen, caudate, IC, pons, thalamus, corona radiata

23
Q

lacunar infarcts are usually related to

A

diabetes and HTN

24
Q

T/F: the face, arms, and legs are all effected equally with lacunar infarcts

A

T

25
Q

where is the infarct in a pure motor stroke?

A

IC or base of pons

26
Q

where is the infarct in pure sensory stroke?

A

posterolateral thalamus

27
Q

where is the infarct in a sensorimotor lacunar stroke?

A

thalamus & IC

28
Q

where is the infarct when a lacunar stroke causes dysarthria and clumsy hand syndrome?

A

base of pons

29
Q

where is the infarct when lacunar stroke causes ataxia?

A

pons & IC or subcortex

30
Q

sx of thalamus stroke

A

contra sensory loss to ALL modalities
spontaneous pain and dysesthesias
mild hemiparesis

31
Q

lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg) is caused by what artery having ischemia?

A

PICA/vertebral

32
Q

AICA stroke sx

A

hearing loss
facial weakness
ataxia
Horner’s

33
Q

SCA stroke sx

A

ipsi ataxia
scanning speech

34
Q

for every 30 min delay after stroke onset, there is a ___% decline in probability of good outcome

A

10%

35
Q

the window for administering tPA is

A

4.5 hours

36
Q

the window for an endovascular intervention is

A

24 hours

37
Q

PT w/i ____ of tPA administration is contraindicated

A

24 hours

38
Q

T/F: BP should be high after a stroke if no tPA is given

A

T

39
Q

swelling up to _____ hours after stroke is normal

A

72 hours

40
Q

if a stroke pt is worsening, how should the bed be positioned?

A

head of bed down/supine

41
Q

when is the highest rate of recovery from a stroke?

A

1st 3-6 months
aggressive PT important

42
Q

recovery from stroke begins ____ (proximal or distal)

A

proximally

43
Q

if a pt was unresponsive, what type of stroke is suspected?

A

hemorrhagic

44
Q

hemorrhagic strokes are usually due to

A

HTN

45
Q

what must be done in order to differentiate ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke?

A

CT

46
Q

what are sx of increased intracranial pressure?

A

HA
vomit
decreased consciousness

47
Q

common areas for intracerebral hemorrhage due to HTN

A

putamen
thalamus
cerebellum
(also hemisphere and pons)

48
Q

what stroke is more deadly but has a better prognosis after 2 weeks?

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

49
Q

what are most subarachnoid hemorrhages caused by?

A

rupture of intracranial aneurysm

50
Q

how can a hemorrhage lead to an ischemic stroke?

A

vasospasms due to irritant of blood in areas not supposed to be

51
Q

venous strokes are common with what conditions?

A

pregnancy/post-partum
OCP
lupus

52
Q

stroke?
R hand weakness
mixing up words
loss of left eye vision

A

L carotid artery

53
Q

stroke?
balance changes
veering towards right when walking

A

cerebellar

Neuro MSK (15 decks)

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