Stroke

Question 1

dysarthria

Answer 1

difficulty with mechanics of speech

Question 2

aphasia receptive

Answer 2

• temporal
• can’t understand or process speech (auditory or visual

Question 3

expressive aphasia

Answer 3

-frontal
- can’t form language
- spoken or written

Question 4

temperature change damages

Answer 4

hypothalamus or upper brainstem

Question 5

pulse change (Bradycardia)

Answer 5

• pressure on brainstem and cranial nerves stimulate vagus nerve
• cervical spinal cord injuries (block SNS)

Question 6

pulse change (tachycardia)

Answer 6

acute increased inter cranial pressure

Question 7

factors affecting cerebral blood flow

Answer 7

systemic BP, cardiac output, blood viscosity

Question 8

stroke

Answer 8

when there is ischemia (inadequate blood flow to brain) or haemorrhage resulting in brain cell death

Question 9

non-modifiable factors

Answer 9

age, sex, prior TIA, hereditary

Question 10

modifiable risk factors

Answer 10

• hypertension, heart disease (afib, MI), DM, increased serum cholesterol, carotid stenosis, smoking, overweight, early birth control pills

Question 11

ischemic stroke

Answer 11

inadequate blood flow to brain from partial/complete blockage of artery

Question 12

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 12

bleeding into brain tissue in subarachnoid space

Question 13

thrombotic stroke

Answer 13

• most common
• blood clots form in narrowed blood vessels (atherosclerosis – plaque)
• lacunae stroke

Question 14

embolic stroke

Answer 14

occludes vessels in brain (foreign objects or clots)
- results form heart disease (afib)

Question 15

intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 15

• ruptured vessels

Question 16

causes for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 16

hypertension, vascular malformations, coagulation disorders (blood clots), anticoagulants (blood thinners), brain tumours

Question 17

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 17

bleeding into CSF

Question 18

causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 18

• cerebral aneurysm, atrioventricular malformation, trauma (hit to head), drugs

Question 19

Transiet ischemic attack

Answer 19

• mini stroke (temporary)
• lasts less than an hour
• temporary blockage
• comes and goes

Question 20

right-brain damage

Answer 20

• left side hemiplegia
• spacial-perceptual deficits
• short attention span
• impaired judgment and time concepts

Question 21

left brain damage

Answer 21

• right hemiplegia
• aphasic
• right left discrimination
• slow
• depression, anxiety
  impaired comprehension

Question 22

laboratory tests

Answer 22

• check platelets levels
• prothrombin time
• partial thromboplastin time

Question 23

before medical treatment for a stroke what needs to be done

Answer 23

CT scan to determine what stroke and what treatments

Question 24

thrombolysis treatment

Answer 24

• Rt-PA, do not give anticoagulants or anti platelets when on this med

Question 25

contradictions for treating thrombolysis

Answer 25

• major surgery, head trauma, bp (180/105), hemorrhage on CT scan

Question 26

medical treatment for ischemic strokes

Answer 26

• anti platelet or anticoagulant (aspirin)
• anti-cholesterol (atorvastatin)
• antihypertensive
• anti seizure

Question 27

medical treatment hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 27

• anti-hypertensive
• low anticoagulants

Question 28

first line drug for ischemic stroke

Answer 28

tPA - helps dissolve clots and improve blood flow

Question 29

actions as a nurse assessment

Answer 29

• airway assessment
• elevate head of bed
• neurological assessment
• safety precautions
• monitor BP
• diagnostic tests (CT scans)

Question 30

contradictions using tPA

Answer 30

• hemorrhagic history
• brain injury recent
• internal bleeding
• uncontrolled hypertension
• use of anticoagulants

Question 31

patient teaching

Answer 31

• understand conditions (explain differences)
• medication importance
• lifestyle changes
• recognize symptoms and when to get help
• safety precautions
• follow-up appointments