Cardiovascular Flashcards
contractility
strength of heart muscle contractions
hemodynamics
the study of forces and flow of blood in the cardiovascular system
- how blood circulates through the heart and vessels
what is blood pressure
force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
diastole
filling phase of ventricles (relaxation of ventricles)
- heart at rest
systole
- ejection phase
- ventricles contract
- blood pumped out to the body and lungs
- force of blood against artery walls
hemodynamic monitoring
blood pressure, cardiac monitors, pulse oximetry, central venous catheters
hemodynamic disorders
hypertension - can lead to complications
- shock - not enough blood to organs
- heart failure - unable to pump blood for body needs
- atherosclerosis - build up of plaque
consequences of untreated hypertension
heart disease, stroke, kidney disease
primary hypertension
- chronic elevated BP with end organ disfunction
- don’t know cause
- vascular disease, diabetes, obesity
secondary hypertension
related to another condition and can be corrected
- sleep apnea, thyroid dysfunction
severe hypertension with end organ dysfunction signs and symptoms
fatigue, reduced actiivty, dizzy, angina, dyspnea
hypertension treatment
- exercise
- weight
- reduced smoking
- alcohol
- stress
- drugs (diuretics, ACE inhibitors)
- diet
nutritional therapy for hypertension
DASH
- fruits, veg, low fat, fibre, grains, proteins
- restrict sodium, cholesterol, fats
- maintain potassium, calcium, magnesium
left sided heart failure
inability of left ventricle to pump blood out
- blood goes back into lungs
- SOB
- DROWNING
right sided heart failure
right ventricle unable to pump into pulmonary vessels
- blood flows back to venous system (edema, peripheral)
- SWELLING
