Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is stroke?

A

death of brain tissue from hypoxia (low oxygen)

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2
Q

what is transient ischaemic attack (TIA)?

A

like a ‘mini stroke’ caused by TEMPORARY ischaemia [(reduced blood flow)-> resulting in reduced oxygen to tissue too]

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3
Q

what are the risks for stroke?

A

hypertension
smoking
alcohol
ischaemic heart diseased (decreased blood from heart)
atrial fibrillation
Diabetes

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4
Q

what are the direct causes of stroke?

A
  • intracranial bleed (aneurysm rupture)
  • embolism (blocked artery from clot/air bubble)
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5
Q

how do you prevent strokes?

A

reduce risk factors:
- smoking, diabetes control, control hypertension

Antiplatelets: (prevent platelets from clumping together)
- aspirin
- dipyridamole
- clopidogrel

Anticoagulants: (reduce synthesis of clotting factors to thin blood)
- warfarin, apixaban

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6
Q

what are ways of investigating strokes?

A
  • imaging [CT, MRI, Angiography]
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7
Q

what are the effects of stroke?

A

loss of functional brain tissue (immediate nerve cell death)

gradual/rapid loss of function

inflammation in tissue around the bleed/infarction

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8
Q

what are complications of strokes?

A
  • motor function loss
  • sensory loss
  • cognitive impairment
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9
Q

whats the 2 main managements of stroke?

A

Acute:
- limit damage (remove any haematomas)
- reduce future risk (aspirin, maybe anticoagulants?)

Chronic:
- rehabilitation
- reduce future risk (aspirin, maybe anticoagulants?)

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