Bone Disease Flashcards
what is the definition of arthiritis?
inflammation of joints
what is the definition of arthrosis?
non-inflammatory joint disease causing pain & stiffness by cartilage breakdown
- aging & obesity
what is the definition of arthralgia?
joint pain
what is bone?
mineralised connective tissue (load bearing, self repairing),
needs:
- calcium
- phosphate
- vitamin D
whats the relevance of parathyroid hormone and bones?
maintains serum calcium levels, raised parathyroid hormone levels if calcium levels fall
uses calcium in bone to raise levels in blood
what happens with hypoparathyroidism?
- low serum calcium
what happens with hyperparathyroidism?
- high serum calcium levels
- gland dysfunction - tumour?
how can you have vitamin D level problems?
- low sunlight exposure (housebound, dark skinned in northern country)
- poor GI absorption (poor nutrition)
- some drug interactions
what is osteomalacia?
condition that softens and weakens bones due to a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus.
- poorly mineralised osteoid matrix
- poorly mineralised cartilage growth plate
what is osteoporosis?
- loss of mineral and matrix causing reduced bone mass
whats the difference between RICKETS and osteomalacia?
RICKETS is poorly mineralised osteoid matrix during bone formation in childhood
OSTEOMALACIA happens after bone formation has been completed and the remineralised bone isnt properly mineralised
both related to CALCIUM DEFICIENCY
what are the investigations for osteomalacia?
Bone effects:
- bones bend under pressure (bow legs)
- bones ache to touch
Hypocalcemia effects:
- muscle weakness
how do you manage osteomalacia?
correct the cause, malnutrition, sunlight exposure vit d?
what is osteoporosis and risk factors for it?
reduced quantity of normally mineralised bone
age, sex, endocrine, smoking, alcohol, medical drugs, genetic etc…
when is roughly peak bone mass?
age 24-35 years, osteoporosis prevalence increases with age
