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pharm 2 - final review > strictly MOAs > Flashcards

strictly MOAs Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamides, diaminopyrimidies (antimicrobials) MOA

A

inhibit folic acid synthesis (PABA metabolites)

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2
Q

Beta Lactam (Penicillins, cephalosporins, beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, monobactams) MOA

A

cell wall inhibitors (-cidial)

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit protein

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4
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit protein

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5
Q

Chloramphenicols MOA

A

inhibit 50S ribosomoal subunit protein *inhibits peptidyl transferase enzymes

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6
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

inhibit 50S ribosomoal subunit protein *inhibits translocation process

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7
Q

Lincomycin MOA

A

inhibit 50S ribosomoal subunit protein *inhibits translocation process

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8
Q

Fluroquinolones MOA

A

inhibit DNA synthesis

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9
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

inhibit DNA synthesis

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10
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

inhibit RNA synthesis (RNA polymerase enzyme)

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11
Q

Methenamine

A

urinary antiseptic, requires acidic pH *NOT w sulfa drugs (increase crystalluria)

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12
Q

Polymyxin MOA

A

cell membrane – narrow spec

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13
Q

Cardiac glycosides (digitalis, digoxin) MOA

A

Na/K/ATP pump inhibitors

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14
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors MOA (Inamrinone, Milrinone, Pimobendan; Aminophylline)

A

Inodilators – produce positive inotropic action, peripheral vasodilation

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15
Q

Beta 1 selective adrenergic agonist (Dobutamine) MOA

A

agonist of beta 1 receptors in heart, ↑ contraction of myocardium

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16
Q

Sodium nitroprusside MOA

A

release NO, increase NO mediated vasodilation

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17
Q

Hydralazine and Minoxidil MOA

A

influences K ion influx → arterial vasodilation

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18
Q

Prazosin MOA

A

alpha 1 antagonist (inhibits vasoconstriction)

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19
Q

Nitroglycerin MOA

A

release NO, increase NO mediated vasodilation

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20
Q

Isoxsuprine MOA

A

beta 2 antagonist

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21
Q

Ca channel blockers – amlodipine

A

Inhibits Ca channels – causes decrease in smooth muscle tone

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22
Q

Phosphodiesterase V inhibitors - sildenafil (pulmonary hypertension)

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase V

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23
Q

Furosemide

A

loop diuretic = redistribution of blood, primary effect IV is increase circulation

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24
Q

ACE INHIBITORS [Captopril; Prodrugs (Enalapril, Benazepril)]

A

?

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25
Q

Class I Anti-arrhythmics– membrane stabilizers, local anx agents (Phenytoin, Quinidine, Lidocaine, Procainamide) MOA

A

reduce Na influx (phase 0 depolarization)

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26
Q

Class II Anti-Arrhythmics – beta antag (Propranolol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol) MOA

A

block Beta 1 receptors on heart

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27
Q

Class III Anti-Arrhythmics– prolong AP duration (Bretylium, Amiodarone) MOA

A

significant prolongation of refractory period

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28
Q

Class IV Anti-Arrhythmics– calcium channel blockers (Verapamil, Diltiazem) MOA

A

– block Ca channels, ↓ impulse conduction (SA, AV), ↓ inotropic action → antiarrhtymic actions

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29
Q

Clenbuterol

A

(β2 agonist) = relax bladder

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30
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

(α agonist) = contraction of urethra (for tx of dyssenergy)

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31
Q

Prazosine

A

(α1 antagonist) = relax hypertonic urethra

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32
Q

Diazepam

A

GABA agonist (central)

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33
Q

Dantrolene

A

skeletal mm. relaxant

34
Q

Alpha 1 agonists

A

contract

35
Q

Alpha 1 antagonist

A

relax

36
Q

Beta 2 agonist

A

relax

37
Q

Beta 2 antagonist

A

contract

38
Q

Nicotinic agonist

A

contract

39
Q

Nicotinic antagonist

A

relax

40
Q

Muscarinic 3 agonist

A

contract

41
Q

Muscarinic 3 antagonist

A

relax

42
Q

Anoerctics - Dirlotapide MOA

A

selective inhib microsomal triglyceride transfer protein = ↓ fat absorp

43
Q

Cimitidine - Gastric Acid Antisecretory Agents (H2 antagonists)

A

acetaminophen toxicity antidote, inhibits CYP450, reduces hepatic blood flow

44
Q

Ranitidine - Gastric Acid Antisecretory Agents (H2 antagonists)

A

competitive inhibition of secretion in PCT → increased plasma levels

45
Q

Nitzadine - Gastric Acid Antisecretory Agents (H2 antagonists)

A

best/safest for hepatic disease (no metabolism, excreted unchanged in urine)

46
Q

PGE analog (misoprostal)

A

inhibits acids, increases mucous secretion, stabilizes mast cells

47
Q

Nucleoside REVERSE
Transcripase Inhibitors
(RETROVIRUS)

A

Causes viral DNA chain terminiation

via phosphorylation (3P) of host enzyme, competition for proviral DNA synthesis

48
Q

Viral DNA Polymerase
Inhibitors
(DNA)

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase via viral thymidine kinase conversion of MP, 3P)
only in infected cells

49
Q

M2-ion Channel
inhibitors
(RNA)

A

Inhibits RNA/viral release

via H+ influx → acidification of endosome

50
Q

Neuramidase/Sialidase Inhibitors

RNA

A

Inhibit neuramidase/sialidase (affects shedding of virus)

51
Q

Ribavirin

DNA and RNA

A

Inhibits viral replication at multiple sites

(interfere w mRNA synthesis

52
Q

Interferons

DNA, RETROVIRUS

A

Antiviral {Via synthesis of enzymes interfering w viral replication (proteins, RNA degredation)}

Immune modulating
{Cell-cell interaction converts effects w/o additional interferon}

alpha or delta determines WBC targets

53
Q

Alkylating Agents MOA

nitrogen mustards, triazenes, nitrosoureas, platinum complexes

A

form covalent bonds w DNA → prevent replication and transcription

54
Q

Antimetabolites MOA

Anti-folate, Purine/Pyrimidine Analogs

A

block metabolic pathways of DNA synthesis

55
Q

Cytotoxic Antibiotics MOA

Doxorubicin, Dactinomycin, Bloemycin, Mitomycin

A

block mammalian cell division

56
Q

Doxorubicin MOA

Cytotox Ab

A

Inhibits DNA (topoisomerase II) and RNA synthesis

57
Q

Dactinomycin (Cytotox Ab)

A

intercalates in DNA → RNA polymerase, topoisomerase II

58
Q

Bleomycin (Cytotox Ab)

A

fragments DNA chains (NON-DIVIDING CELLS)

59
Q

Mitomycin (Cytotox Ab)

A

Activated to give an alkylating metabolite

60
Q

Plant Derivatives (Vinca Alkaloids and Taxanes/Taxois)

A

inhibit microtubules/mitosis

61
Q

Steroids

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone

A

tumor cell destruction (↓ size), 2° complications mngmnt

62
Q

Anti-Androgens

Delmadinone

A

inhibit androgens

63
Q

Anti-Prostagens

A

inhibit prostagens

64
Q 
Monoclonal AntiBodies (specific types of cancer)
{cetuximab, trastuzumab, bevacizumab}
A

Antibodies against specific receptors

65
Q

Protein (Tyrosine) Kinase Inhibitors

{Imatinib, Toceranib, Mastinib}

A

Inhibit tyrosine kinase → prevent downstream signaling

66
Q

Vaccines MOA

ex. BCG

A

stim immune system to recognize tumor cells, enhance tumor cell destruction

67
Q

Enzymes MOA

ex. L-asperanginase

A

catalyzes hydrolysis (→ l-aspartic acid + ammonia) → ↓protein synthesis

68
Q

Benzimidazoles

anthelmintics

A

irreversibly binds to nematodal tubulin, specifically beta-tubulin

69
Q

Imidazothiazoles- Levamisole (anthelmintics)

A

ganglionic stimulant and a direct cholinergic drug, casues paralysis

70
Q

Pyrantel

Tetrahydropyrimidines- anthelmintics

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

71
Q

Morantel (Tetrahydropyrimidines- anthelmintics)

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

72
Q

Organophosphate compounds (anthelmintics)

A

Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

73
Q 
Macrocyclic Lactones 
(anthelmintics)
A

bind selectively with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride channels

74
Q

Praziquantel

A

Ca2+ ion flux across the surface of membranes of exposed parasite, results in paralysis, release of Ca….(some more things happen)…surface swellings, blebs form, create lesions and lyse

75
Q

Epsiprantel

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

same as pyrantel

76
Q

Closantel

fasciolicidal drug

A

proton ionophore transporting cations across cell membrane and ultimately uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria(parasite), ATP production inhibited
(same as Rafoxanide)

77
Q

Rafoxanide

fasciolicidal drug

A

proton ionophore transporting cations across cell membrane and ultimately uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria(parasite), ATP production inhibited

78
Q

Clorsulon

fasciolicidal drug

A

affects glycolytic enzymes and deprives the fluke of its main source of metabolic energy

79
Q

Polyether Ionophores

antiprotozoal

A

lipophilic complexes (alkali metal cations) → change membrane integreity/internal osmolality

80
Q

Nitroimidazoles/ Nitrofurans

antiprotozoal

A

nitro group cleaved off (reductive) – produces unstable intermediates that interact w DNA

81
Q

Sulfonamide

anitprotozoal

A

?

82
Q

Ectoparasiticides MOA

A 
AChE-inhibitors,
Na channel blockers,
nAChR inhibitors,
GABA/Cl channel    inhibitors,
Ectoparasite repellents,
IGR/IDI

pharm 2 - final review (6 decks)

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