practice questions- werners- anti-cancer Flashcards
What are the four characteristics of cancer cells?
- Dedifferentiation and loss of function
- Angiogenesis
- Invasiveness
- Metastasis
Match the cytotoxic drug with it’s action
Drugs: Alkylating Drugs, Antimetabolites, Cytotoxic antibiotics, Plant derivatives
- -> Form covalent bonds with DNA hence impedes replication
- -> Substances of microbial origin that block mammalian cell division
- -> Specifically affect microtubule function and hence formation of mitotic spindle
- -> Block or subvert one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis
Alkylating –> Form covalent bonds with DNA hence impedes replication
Cytotoxic Antibiotics–> Substances of microbial origin that block mammalian cell division
Plant Derivatives –> Specifically affect microtubule function and hence formation of mitotic spindle
Antimetabolites –> Block or subvert one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis
What are the genetic / epigenetic changes taking place with tumourgenesis?
- -> Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor gene
- -> Activation of Oncogenes (mutation of normal gene / proto-oncogene)
What causes uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells?
- -> Growth factors and/or their receptors
- -> Intracellular signaling pathways
- -> Telomerase suppression
What are the 4 complications of Chemotherapy?
- Extravasation of the drug very imp
- Anaphylactic reactions
- Toxic Side Effects
- Acute tumor lysis syndrome
**Acute Type 1 Hypersensitivity with
Doxorubin or L-asparaginase**
Your Feline patient is having an Anaphylactic reaction to chemotherapy… Where in the body does it present itself in the cat?
What about the dog?
Cat –> Respiratory
Dog –> Cutaneous and GIT
What type of Bone Marrow Toxicity is seen most often when undergoing chemotherapy, Anemia or Leukopenia?
–> Leukopenia most often
–> Anemia most seldom
(b/c the half life of Leukocytes is several hours vs. erythrocytes which is ~120days)
Acute tumor lysis syndrome is especially seen with what cancer?
Malignant Lymphoma
What sort of clinical signs would you see with acute tumor lysis syndrome?
Vomit, Diarrhea, Mental Depression, and Hyperventilation (can potentially die
What will the levels be for the following laboratory values (high or low)
- -> Uric Acid
- -> Phosphate
- -> Calcium
- -> Potassium
- -> High Uric Acid, Phosphate, and Potassium
- -> Low Calcium
- Also Metabolic Acidosis*
What is BCG used to treat?
Bacille Calmatter Guerin - BCG - is used to treat….
–> SCC and Sarcoids
What are the side effects of BCG?
Anaphylaxis –> Local and Systemic
pre treat with glucocorticoids
Which anticancer drug is a folate antagonist?
- -> BCG
- -> Cisplatin
- -> Methotrexate
- -> Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Which of the following does 5-fluorouracil inhibit?
- -> DNA
- -> RNA
- -> Protein Synthesis
DNA
When using combination of several anticancer agents, given in what time interval, will allow bone marrow to regenerate?
- -> 1-2wk
- -> 2-3wk
- -> 3-4wk
- -> 5-6wk
2-3wk
Alkylating agents mode of action is the formation of what ion?
Carbonium ion
Your patient shows resistance to Cyclophasphamide, what other alkylating agent should you try?
Alkylating Agents have “STRONG CROSS RESISTANCE” if the patient is resistance to 1, they will most likely be resistant to the other alkylating agents
When is Cyclophosphamide active?
After metabolized by the LIVER by CYP450* mixed function oxidases
Which alkylating agent is the Slowest working agent, with lowest change of toxicity?
- -> Cyclophosphamide
- -> Melphalan
- -> Chlorambucil
- -> Lomustine
- -> Decarbazine
Chlorambucil
Which alkylating agent is used for Multiple Myelomas?
Melphalan
Which alkylating agent is used in refractory lymphoma combines with doxorubicin?
Decarbazine
non classical alkylating agent
Which alkylating agent causes hepatotoxicity in dogs?
Lomustine
* Used in relapse canine lymphoma, brain tumors, epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma, mast cell tumors*
Hepatotoxicity is in the Liver –> L for liver –> L for Lomustine
Which of the following plant derivatives will kill a hose almost instantly if eaten?
Taxus spp.
