Stretching & PNF Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between ROM, Mobility & Flexibility

A

ROM - distance & direction a joint can move (goni)

Mobility - ability to move to allow for functional activities

Flexibility - extensibility of the soft tissues that surround a joint that allow it to go through full, nonrestricted pain-free ROM

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2
Q

Myostatic Contracture

-defn, end feel

A

shortening of the muscle fibers & decrease in the number of sarcomeres + decrease in length of sarcomere

  • springy, firm end feel
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3
Q

Periarticular Contracture

-defn

A

decrease in mobility in the surrounding connective tissues

AKA loss in joint play - will feel when assessing accessory motions

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4
Q

Arthrogenic Contracture

-defn, end feel

A

intra-articular pathology that limits motion
- i.e. osteophyte, adhesions, joint effusion, irregularities in articular cartilage

  • hard end feel
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5
Q

Pseudomysotatic Contracture

-defn

A

increased hypertonicity that directly affects muscle due to pathology in the CNS

i.e. spasticity or tone

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6
Q

Fibrotic & Irreversible Contracture

-defn

A

when connective tissue around a joint has been replaced by fibrotic (scar) tissue

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7
Q

Principles of Muscle Stretching

  • stress/strain curve
  • muscle tension relationship
  • neurophysiological
A
  1. Elastic region - no deformation, return to original length;
    Plastic region - microruptures in muscles will stimulate sarcomeres to grow & cause deformation aka muscle lengthening;
    Necking - tissue is overstretched & becomes weak; easy to tear
  2. muscle length should be in mid-range to allow for optimal development of tension
  3. Golgi tendon organ is located in tendon & protects the muscle from being over-stretched
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8
Q

Contraindications to Stretching

& precautions

A
  1. Bone is the limiting factor in ROM
  2. Hypermobility
  3. Recent fracture/trauma
  4. acute inflammatory process/infection
  5. Sharp or acute pain to elongation

Be cautions w/ OP, prolonged bed rest, age, prolonged use of steroids & nearly united fractures

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9
Q

Determinants of Stretching Interventions

- frequency, intensity, mode, technique

A
  1. alignment & stabilization to avoid compensations
  2. LOW & comfortable intensity & SLOW speed
  3. Frequency depends on severity, age & tissue healing
    - 2-5sessions/week; OR if early perform every hour w/ very short sessions
  4. Mode - self-stretching, mechanical (equipment for prolonged stretch) OR manual (by therapist)
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10
Q

Global Postural Reeducation

-defn & concept

A

global stretching of anti-gravity muscles in a muscle kinetic chain
- antigravity are those that are responsible to maintain upright posture

Concept is that compensations are not allowed

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11
Q

Muscles involved in Posterior kinetic chain

A

Erector spinae
deep pelvic, trochanteric, gluteal muscles
hamstrings
triceps surae

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12
Q

Muscles involved in Anterior kinetic chain

A
STM & scalenes
anterior fascial tissues of the thoracic spine
diaphragm
psoas
adductors
soleus muscle
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13
Q

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

-defn & principles

A

stimulating the prioprioceptors in order to get a muscular response

Principles

  • 2 applications: strengthening & stretching
  • based on every day movements, in diagonals, multiple planes of motion, rhythmic & reversing
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14
Q

UE D1 Flexion & Extension

- position & functional implication

A
Flexion - 
Scapular elevation & protraction
Shoulder flexion, ADD & ER
Elbow flexion & supination
Wrist & fingers flexed
Extension - 
Scapular depression & retraction
Shoulder extension, ABD, & IR
Elbow extension & pronation
Wrist & fingers extended

Functional implication: bringing something to your face for ADL’s

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15
Q

UE D2 Flexion & Extension

-position & functional implication

A
Flexion - 
Scapular elevation & retraction
Shoulder flexion, ABD, & ER
Forearm supinated
Wrist & fingers extended
Extension - 
Scapular depression & protraction
Shoulder  extension, ADD, & IR
Forearm pronated
Wrist & fingers flexed

Functional implication - reaching out, lifting
VERY good for someone w/ Parkinson’s & kyphotic posture to do this bilaterally

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16
Q

LE D1 Flexion & Extension

- foot & ankle only, functional implication

A

Flexion
DF & inversion

Extension
PF & eversion

functional implication - stance phase

17
Q

LE D2 Flexion & Extension

- foot & ankle only, functional implication

A

Flexion
DF & eversion

Extension
PF & inversion

functional implication - swing phase b/c DF & inversion w/ hip adduction

18
Q

Hold-Relax Technique

A
  • used when it is painful to contract the agonist (muscle being stretched)
  1. Take muscle to endpoint
  2. Perform isometric contraction INTO direction of the stretch to contract the antagonistic muscle

Rationale: recipricol inhibition

19
Q

Contract-Relax Technique

A
  • used when the tight muscle being stretched is NOT painful to contract; more effective method
  1. Take muscle to endpoint
  2. Perform isometric contraction in OPPOSITE direction of the stretch to contract the agonist muscle

Rationale: autogenic inhibition