Stretching Flashcards
The ability of the body structures or segments to move so that ROM for functional activities is allowed
MOBILITY
The most effective means of stretching the latissimus dorsi in order to increase flexion of the shoulder is to:
Select one:
a. Place the patient in a prone position; stabilize the scapula and hyperextend the shoulder.
b. Place the patient in a supine position; stabilize the lateral border of the scapula as you flex the shoulder.
c. Place the patient in the supine position with hips and knees flexed; stabilize the pelvis at the iliac crest and flex the shoulder.
c. Place the patient in the supine position with hips and knees flexed; stabilize the pelvis at the iliac crest and flex the shoulder.
The goal of this exercise is to increase the flexibility (extensibility) of the pectoralis major muscle. You teach the patient to stand facing a corner with the shoulders abducted to 90°, elbows flexed to 90°, and hands and forearms placed on the walls. You tell the patient to relax into the stretch (by leaning into the corner) for 30 seconds; push his forearms into the walls for a count of six; then relax and lean forward toward the corner again and hold for 30 seconds. The self-stretching technique the patient is using is:
Hold–relax (contract–relax).
During a stretching maneuver, you apply a 30-second stretch of a shortened muscle group just up to the point of tissue resistance. After this maneuver, rather than relaxing with the patient and returning the body segment to a neutral position, you move the body segment into the newly gained range to apply another stretch of the same muscle group and hold the stretch for an additional 30 seconds. What term best describes this type of stretching?
Static-progressive
Each of the following is a contraindication to stretching adaptively shortened tissues except:
Select one:
a. Sharp, acute pain during ROM.
b. When ROM is limited because scar tissue has reduced soft tissue extensibility.
c. A bony block.
d. When tight (shortened) soft tissues provide functional stability of a body segment affected by paralysis.
b. When ROM is limited because scar tissue has reduced soft tissue extensibility.
T or F
Functional ROM; ROM required for functional activities
Functional mobility; ability of a community to initiate, control, sustain active
FALSE
Functional ROM; ROM required for functional activities
Functional mobility; ability of an individual to initiate, control, sustain active
FACTORS LEADING TO HYPOMOBILITY
Prolonged immobilization of a segment
Sedentary lifestyle
Postural malalignment with muscle length alterations
Impaired muscle performance
Tissue trauma resulting in inflammation and pain
Congenital or acquired deformities
The three interactions that brings flexibility
Involves interaction of the following:
muscle length
joint integrity
periarticular soft tissue extensibility (soft tissue surrounding the joint)
Ability to rotate a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM.
FLEXIBILITY
T or F
Mobility is Maximized when the muscle-tendon units that cross a joint have adequate extensibility to deform and yield to a stretch force.
FALSE
Flexibility Maximized when the muscle-tendon units that cross a joint have adequate extensibility to deform and yield to a stretch force.
Each of the following is true about joint mobilization/manipulation techniques except:
Select one:
a. Techniques can be applied using gliding or oscillation techniques that involve low or high amplitudes and velocities.
b. Techniques involve the application of accessory joint movements but not physiological movements.
c. They are appropriate to use if a joint is painful or inflamed to decrease or inhibit the perception of pain.
c. They are appropriate to use if a joint is painful or inflamed to decrease or inhibit the perception of pain.
To achieve permanent lengthening of connective tissue:
Select one:
a. The collagen fibers must line up in a parallel fashion.
b. The region of necking, or macrofailure, must be reached.
c. Bonds between collagen fibers must be remodeled in the lengthened position.
d. The ground substance between the fibers must be reduced.
c. Bonds between collagen fibers must be remodeled in the lengthened position.
The glycosaminoglycans and water in the ground substance of connective tissue are important for connective tissue health because:
They reduce friction and transport nutrients and metabolites.
To increase terminal knee extension, you position the patient prone so the lower leg is not supported on the treatment table. The patient relaxes while the lower leg and foot “hang” off the end of the table. The therapist adds a cuff weight around the ankle. What type of stretching procedure is being applied?
Mechanical
Stress within the elastic range of tissue deformation may cause all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Straining of bonds (cross-links) between collagen fibers.
b. Microfailure between collagen bonds.
c. squeezing water out of the ground substance.
d. Grade II ligament injuries.
d. Grade II ligament injuries.
Based on the neurophysiological properties of the contractile components of muscle, a high-intensity, quick stretch of a muscle-tendon unit is believed to create phasic elevation of tension in the stretched muscle by:
Facilitating the muscle spindle via the Ib fibers.
In a patient’s medical record you see “knee flexion contracture.” What does it mean?
Select one:
a. The patient is unable to actively extend the knee through the full range of motion (ROM) despite full passive knee extension.
b. The quadriceps muscle group is tight and limits full, passive knee flexion.
c. Full, passive knee extension is not possible.
c. Full, passive knee extension is not possible.
What is Dynamic Flexibility?
Active mobility, active ROM
Axtent to which an active muscle contraction can rotate a joint through its available ROM
Flexibility that is limited by ability of a muscle to contract through ROM
degree and quality of tissue extensibility
Dynamic
What is Static Flexibility?
passive mobility, passive ROM
extent to which a joint can be passively rotated through its available ROM
Passive flexibility is a prerequisite for—but does not ensure—dynamic flexibility.
Type of flexibility that depends on the extensibility of soft tissues that cross and surround a joint
STATIC/PASSIVE FLEXIBILITY
Significant resistance to stretch
CONTRACTURE
Adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint, resulting in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limited ROM.
CONTRACTURE
Contracture vs Shortness
Contracture: almost complete loss of motion
Shortness: partial loss of motion
clinical and fitness settings to describe restricted motion due to adaptive shortening of soft tissue, in particular, mild muscle shortening
Tightness
How DESIGNATION OF CONTRACTURES BY LOCATION
Joint - motion - contracture
Elbow flexors contracture
Types of contractures
Myostatic/Myogenic
Pseudomyostatic /apparent
Atherogenic
Periarticular
Fibrotic
Irreversible
Myostatic vs pseudomyostatic contracture
pseudomyostatic has a muscle pathology, resolved with neuromuscular inhibition
myostatic is resolved with stretching
intra-articular pathology
problem is within the joint
changes within the joint: adhesions, synovial proliferation, joint effusion, irregularities in articular cartilage, or osteophyte formation
Atherogenic
connective tissue of muscle and periarticular structures can cause adherence of these tissues
Fibrotic
