Stressed Out

Question 1

DNA that enters bacterial cells can be.. (3)

Answer 1

1) degraded
2) integrated into host chromosome
3) integrated into plasmid

Question 2

These are used by bacteria to degrade foreign DNA..

Answer 2

restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes)

Question 3

Uptake of naked DNA by “competent cells”..

Answer 3

Transformation

Question 4

Transfer of DNA between bacteria through a virus..

Answer 4

Transduction

Question 5

Transfer of DNA thru cell to cell contact using sex pilus..

Answer 5

Conjugation

Question 6

_______ in DNA can cause antibiotic resistance

Answer 6

Mutations

Can be base changes, deletions, insertions, duplications , or rearrangements

Question 7

These types of DNA mutations are less likely to cause antibiotic resistance..

Answer 7

Deletions

Question 8

Subgingival bacteria are generally..

Answer 8

proteolitic

Question 9

Supragingival bacteria are generally..

Answer 9

saccrolitic

Question 10

Factors that promote colonization in the oral cavity.. (5)

Answer 10

1) adherence properties
2) synergistic bacteria
3) nutritional substrates
4) temperature
5) moisture content

Question 11

Factors that inhibit colonization in oral cavity.. (3)

Answer 11

1) antimicrobial properties of saliva
2) mechanical shearing
3) antagonistic bacteria

Question 12

There are ______ bacterial species associated with periodontitis, while fewer species are associated with _______ ________

Answer 12

1) many

2) periodontal health

Question 13

Shifts in microbial composition occur in ________

Answer 13

periodontitis

No bacterium is found in all patients with periodontitis and never found in healthy subjects

Question 14

Tissue destruction that occurs during periodontitis is mainly the result of _______

Answer 14

host response

Question 15

There is a small shift from gram ____ to gram ____ during periodontitis

Answer 15

1) +ve

2 -ve

Question 16

The ________ of the microbial community increases during periodontal disease

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

There is a slight shift to more _________ bacteria in periodontitis

Answer 17

uncultivated

Question 18

Microbial diversity ______ in caries.

Answer 18

declines

Question 19

There is a progression of _____ _____ as caries progress

Answer 19

dominant species

Question 20

Each location in the oral cavity has its own associated ______ __________; however, there is overlap of species

Answer 20

microbial composition

Question 21

___________ are sequence elements that recognize foreign DNA

Answer 21

CRISPRS