Dog-Sniffing Dogs

Question 1

Four Species of Shigella sp.

Answer 1

1) S. dysenteriae
2) S. flexneri
3) S. boydii
4) S. sonnei

Question 2

Inoculum size of Shigella sp. is ______

Answer 2

small.

Question 3

Shigella sp.: Acid resistance is induced upon __________

Answer 3

anaerobic growth conditions

Question 4

Shigella species invade colon only __________ are susceptible

Answer 4

basolateral surface of epithelial cells

Question 5

Shigella sp. enters epithelium of colon via ________

Answer 5

M Cells

Question 6

Shigella sp. expresses ________________

Answer 6

invasion plasmid antigens

Question 7

Shigella sp. ______ _______ ________

Answer 7

lyse phagosomal vesicles

Question 8

Shigella sp. expresses ______ _______, which is an ATPase

Answer 8

Intracellular spread (IcsA)

causes actin polymerization

Question 9

Shigella sp. IcsA causes (3)

Answer 9

1) death/sloughing of epithelial cells causing an ulcer
2) neutrophils that enter colonic tissue can be seen in stool
3) inflammatory diarrhea with leukocytes in stool

Question 10

Salmonella sp.. cause ______________

Answer 10

gastroenteritis

Typhimurium & Enteritidis

Question 11

Large infectious dose of _______________ required for disease

Answer 11

Salmonella sp.

Question 12

Expresses multiple virulence proteins found on pathogenicity islands

Answer 12

Salmonella sp.

Question 13

Salmonella sp. invades _______ surface of intestinal epithelial cells

Answer 13

apical

Question 14

Invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella sp. occurs via..

Answer 14

bacterial mediated endocytosis

Question 15

Invasion by salmonella induces _________ and ____________

Answer 15

cell ruffling and signal transduction activation

Question 16

Salmonella traverse to the ____________ of intestinal epithelial cell within a _________

Answer 16

basal membrane; vesicle

Question 17

Salmonella released from vesicle into ____________

Answer 17

lamina propria

Question 18

Salmonella is taken up by _______ _______ ________

Answer 18

lamina propria macrophages

Question 19

4 vibrio species..

Answer 19

1) V. cholerae
2) V. parahaemolyticus
3) V. vulnificus
4) V. alginolyticus

Question 20

__________ is the most severe vibrio species

Answer 20

V. cholerae

Question 21

3 Virulence factors of vibrio species..

Answer 21

1) Flagella
2) Pili
3) Cholera toxin

Question 22

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has a ____ _______ dose

Answer 22

Large infectious

Question 23

Common cause of diarrhea in travelers to Mexico..

Answer 23

ETEC

Question 24

Colonization factor antigen (cfa) on _________

Answer 24

fimbrae of ETEC

Question 25

ETEC causes two toxins..

Answer 25

1) Heat-labile toxin (LT) | 2) Heat-stable toxin (ST)

Question 26

Non-invasive

Answer 26

idk

Question 27

Which species of Shigella sp. causes the most severe?

Answer 27

S. dysenteriae is the culprit for epidemics, but S. sonnei is most widespread

Question 28

M cells

Answer 28

Phagocytic cells that sample contents within GI lumen and passes to underlying leukocytes in lamina propria

Question 29

Invasion plasmid antigens

Answer 29

outer membrane proteins, aka M cells

Question 30

________ produces Shiga toxin

Answer 30

S. dysenteriae

Question 31

Shiga toxin..

Answer 31

1) kills intestinal epithelial cells | 2) disrupts sodium absorption; draws water into lumen of GI tract and causes severe diarrhea

Question 32

This species of Salmonella causes Typhoid fever

Answer 32

Salmonella Typhi | Paratyphi

Question 33

This species is more acid-sensitive

Answer 33

Salmonella sp.

Question 34

____________ causes the expression of multiple virulence proteins on pathogenicity islands

Answer 34

Low pH

Question 35

Remain in cell vesicles during uptake for many hours..

Answer 35

Salmonella sp.

Question 36

____ _____ will survive and grow within the macrophages

Answer 36

Typhi

Question 37

S. typhii are found in the ________ during the carrier state

Answer 37

gallbladder

Question 38

Typhi re-infects the intestines leads to..

Answer 38

diarrhea; hemorrhage; perforation

Question 39

Invasive Pathogens..

Answer 39

Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp.

Question 40

Invasive Pathogens similarities.. (5)

Answer 40

1) Primarily affect large intestine 2) Small amount of stool; bloody 3) leukocytes in stool 4) Ulcerated intestinal tissue 5) Able to respond to environmental changes

Question 41

Invasion Pathogens differences.. (4)

Answer 41

1) inoculum size/acid sensitivity 2) Bacteremia (Salmonella) 3) Severe disease are very dissimilar (Typhoid vs water loss)

Question 42

Is there a vaccine for either Gram -ve pathogen?

Answer 42

No.