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Corn Bread Muffins > Dog-Sniffing Dogs > Flashcards

Dog-Sniffing Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

Four Species of Shigella sp.

A

1) S. dysenteriae
2) S. flexneri
3) S. boydii
4) S. sonnei

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2
Q

Inoculum size of Shigella sp. is ______

A

small.

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3
Q

Shigella sp.: Acid resistance is induced upon __________

A

anaerobic growth conditions

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4
Q

Shigella species invade colon only __________ are susceptible

A

basolateral surface of epithelial cells

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5
Q

Shigella sp. enters epithelium of colon via ________

A

M Cells

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6
Q

Shigella sp. expresses ________________

A

invasion plasmid antigens

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7
Q

Shigella sp. ______ _______ ________

A

lyse phagosomal vesicles

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8
Q

Shigella sp. expresses ______ _______, which is an ATPase

A

Intracellular spread (IcsA)

causes actin polymerization

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9
Q

Shigella sp. IcsA causes (3)

A

1) death/sloughing of epithelial cells causing an ulcer
2) neutrophils that enter colonic tissue can be seen in stool
3) inflammatory diarrhea with leukocytes in stool

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10
Q

Salmonella sp.. cause ______________

A

gastroenteritis

Typhimurium & Enteritidis

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11
Q

Large infectious dose of _______________ required for disease

A

Salmonella sp.

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12
Q

Expresses multiple virulence proteins found on pathogenicity islands

A

Salmonella sp.

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13
Q

Salmonella sp. invades _______ surface of intestinal epithelial cells

A

apical

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14
Q

Invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella sp. occurs via..

A

bacterial mediated endocytosis

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15
Q

Invasion by salmonella induces _________ and ____________

A

cell ruffling and signal transduction activation

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16
Q

Salmonella traverse to the ____________ of intestinal epithelial cell within a _________

A

basal membrane; vesicle

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17
Q

Salmonella released from vesicle into ____________

A

lamina propria

18
Q

Salmonella is taken up by _______ _______ ________

A

lamina propria macrophages

19
Q

4 vibrio species..

A

1) V. cholerae
2) V. parahaemolyticus
3) V. vulnificus
4) V. alginolyticus

20
Q

__________ is the most severe vibrio species

A

V. cholerae

21
Q

3 Virulence factors of vibrio species..

A

1) Flagella
2) Pili
3) Cholera toxin

22
Q

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has a ____ _______ dose

A

Large infectious

23
Q

Common cause of diarrhea in travelers to Mexico..

A

ETEC

24
Q

Colonization factor antigen (cfa) on _________

A

fimbrae of ETEC

25
Q

ETEC causes two toxins..

A

1) Heat-labile toxin (LT)

2) Heat-stable toxin (ST)

26
Q

Non-invasive

A

idk

27
Q

Which species of Shigella sp. causes the most severe?

A

S. dysenteriae is the culprit for epidemics, but S. sonnei is most widespread

28
Q

M cells

A

Phagocytic cells that sample contents within GI lumen and passes to underlying leukocytes in lamina propria

29
Q

Invasion plasmid antigens

A

outer membrane proteins, aka M cells

30
Q

________ produces Shiga toxin

A

S. dysenteriae

31
Q

Shiga toxin..

A

1) kills intestinal epithelial cells

2) disrupts sodium absorption; draws water into lumen of GI tract and causes severe diarrhea

32
Q

This species of Salmonella causes Typhoid fever

A

Salmonella Typhi

Paratyphi

33
Q

This species is more acid-sensitive

A

Salmonella sp.

34
Q

____________ causes the expression of multiple virulence proteins on pathogenicity islands

A

Low pH

35
Q

Remain in cell vesicles during uptake for many hours..

A

Salmonella sp.

36
Q

____ _____ will survive and grow within the macrophages

A

Typhi

37
Q

S. typhii are found in the ________ during the carrier state

A

gallbladder

38
Q

Typhi re-infects the intestines leads to..

A

diarrhea; hemorrhage; perforation

39
Q

Invasive Pathogens..

A

Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp.

40
Q

Invasive Pathogens similarities.. (5)

A

1) Primarily affect large intestine
2) Small amount of stool; bloody
3) leukocytes in stool
4) Ulcerated intestinal tissue
5) Able to respond to environmental changes

41
Q

Invasion Pathogens differences.. (4)

A

1) inoculum size/acid sensitivity
2) Bacteremia (Salmonella)
3) Severe disease are very dissimilar (Typhoid vs water loss)

42
Q

Is there a vaccine for either Gram -ve pathogen?

A

No.

Corn Bread Muffins (4 decks)

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